elite Arab Muslim ruling class and they weren't that interested in spreading their religion. The political status of Islam, and the role Muhammad had given it as a political as well as a religious force, was reinforced in the military conquests. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax There are many accounts from the period about the early Muslim conquests, but much of the material is unreliable and written to present things in a way that glorified the victors and their God As explanations for the great events of the seventh century these are at best partial. Another driving force for the change of the ruling class in the region was the concept among the increasing Muslim communities of the region when ruling dynasties to attempt to forge such ties of kinship by marriage. "Fight them until there is no persecution "and until worship is When the new one is better, you switch. Direct link to A AN's post he is the ruler- leader o, Posted 3 years ago. Christians were persecuted and churches destroyed. Main articles: Arab-Byzantine Wars, Byzantine-Seljuq wars, Byzantine-Ottoman Wars. [45], The history of commercial and intellectual contact between the inhabitants of the Somali coast and the Arabian Peninsula may help explain the Somali people's connection with Muhammad. They are famous for inaugurating the Islamic golden age. Early military conquests were an important factor in the initial spread of Islamic culture. A sense of unity grew among many though not all provinces and gradually formed the consciousness of a broadly Arab-Islamic population. ; 2 What are 3 reasons why Islam spread so quickly? The objective of the conquests was mostly of a practical nature, as fertile land and water were scarce in the Arabian Peninsula. Embedded within these lies the concept of Islam as a foreign imposition and Hinduism being natural condition of the natives who resisted, resulting in the failure of the project to Islamicize the Indian subcontinent is highly embroiled with the politics of the partition and communalism in India. By Michael Lipka and Conrad Hackett In the next half century or so, Christianity's long reign as the world's largest religion may come to an end, according to a just-released report that builds on Pew Research Center's original population growth projections for religious groups. Though what Muhammad didn't know he would be the one to start the religion Islam.Inside that cave, Muhammad said, he received the word of God, who was called Allah in his language of Arabic.The religion Islam spread amazingly fast but, what were the reasons behind it spreading so quickly? Dome of the Treasury, Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria. A depiction of a Mamluk training with a lance in the early 16th century. Muslims fast in Ramadan because Almighty God (known to them as "Allah" in Arabic) tells them to. Ultimately, there were many factions that regarded the Umayyads as corrupt and illegitimate, some of whom rallied around new leaders. ; 8 When did Islam spread the most? Yes, there were wars, but those wars were more about each community having been manipulated by nations and politics than about making people believe differently. The sources I've seen have, by the end of the Omayyad dynasty, only about 10%-30% of the conquered people convert to Islam, but much more convert during what's often referred to as the Golden Age of Islam, when Islam is collecting the works of the ancient Greeks, and Read more. have Muslim conquest of India included Hindus and Buddists as well, and it also included Zoroastrians, who the early Muslims was, in fact, rare, "Muslim conquerors [4] Now however, more complex processes are considered, in light of the more protracted time frame attributed to the progression of the ancient Persian religion to a minority; a progression that is more contiguous with the trends of the late antiquity period. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Arab empire being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. The generally accepted nationalist discourse of the current Balkan historiography defines all forms of Islamization as results of the Ottoman government's centrally organized policy of conversion or dawah. considered to be disbelievers. The defeat of the Ottomans in 1699 by the Austrians resulted in their loss of Hungary and present-day Croatia. with that ruling class, that might be a worldly motivation in order to actually convert. [26] Governors lodged complaints with the caliph when he enacted laws that made conversion easier since that deprived the provinces of revenues from the tax on non-Muslims. The historic process of Islamization was complex and involved merging Islamic practices with local customs. This is less than 30 years. Ottoman conquests were initially military and economic enterprises, and religious conversions were not their primary objective. "Until they fight you there. [44] However, new scholarship has appeared that provides more nuance and details of the conversion of the Christian inhabitants to Islam. Although religious tolerance was seen during the rule of emperor Akbar's, the reign under emperor Aurangzeb witnessed the full establishment of Islamic sharia and the re-introduction of Jizya (a special tax imposed upon non-Muslims) through the compilation of the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri. Alarger share of Muslims will soon be at the point in their lives when people begin having children. During the following Abbasid period, an enfranchisement was experienced by the mawali and a shift was made in the political conception from that of a primarily-Arab empire to one of a Muslim empire. While the worlds population is projected to grow 32% in the coming decades, the number of Muslims is expected to increase by 70% from 1.8 billion in 2015 to nearly 3 billion in 2060. On this timeline here, the This map shows the extent of the Umayyad Empire in 750 CE. what used to be controlled by very powerful empires, the Byzantine Empire, [78] In 1295 however, the new Khan of the Ilkhanate, Ghazan, converted to Islam, and two decades later the Golden Horde under Uzbeg Khan (reigned 13131341) followed suit. Growth of Islam. [52], Islam was readily accepted by Zoroastrians who were employed in industrial and artisan positions because, according to Zoroastrian dogma, such occupations that involved defiling fire made them impure. [76], Another contemporary institution identified as Muslim, the Qarakhanid dynasty of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, operated much further east,[76] established by Karluks who became Islamized after converting under Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan in the mid-10th century. 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. They weren't persecuted or anything like that, but they weren't treated exactly like the Islamic people. A Pew Forum study, published in January 2011, forecast an increase of the proportion of Muslims in the European population from 6% in 2010 to 8% in 2030.[83]. Byzantine rule was ended by the Arabs, who invaded Tunisia from 647 to 648[41] and Morocco in 682 in the course of their drive to expand the power of Islam. In the wake of the Ridda wars, and of the Arabs' sudden conquest of most of the Near East, the new religion became identified more sharply as a monotheism for the Arab people. This is not to say that the Muslims were not brave and that the conviction that they were doing Allah's will was not significant: it clearly was. Since the 1960s, many Muslims have migrated to Western Europe. That might have meant controlling more land, but it was about power. Man, that looks like a homework question. Direct link to Yoonzie's post Muhammad died in Medina (, Posted 3 years ago. History of distribution of Muslim religion, A panorama in 12 folds showing a fabulous Eid ul-Fitr procession by, Rashidun Caliphs and Umayyads (610750 CE), Conversion within the empire: Umayyad vs. Abbasid period, Conversion within the empire: "Conversion curve", Emergence of Seljuks and Ottomans (9501450), Flags of the Sultanates in the East Indies, The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp.125-126, Gibbon, ci, ed. One simple reason for the spread of Islamic culture is that it offered a vibrant spiritual alternative to the pagan polytheism common to inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula. Direct link to Alasal, Fendh's post how did the culture Islam, Posted 3 years ago. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. In the shadow of these political upheavals, Islamic political structures transformed, and new leaders from beyond the traditional Arab Muslim elite emerged. The early caliphate had a strong army and built garrison towns, but it did not build sophisticated administrations. Direct link to Yesenia's post If you lived in the Islam, Posted 4 years ago. Not Present. Direct link to einass khaled's post I looked it up and this i, Posted 3 years ago. At the outset, they were hostile to conversions because new Muslims diluted the economic and status advantages of the Arabs. [56][57], H. G. Rawlinson, in his book Ancient and Medieval History of India (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN81-86050-79-5), claims the first Arab Muslims settled on the Indian coast in the last part of the 7th century. There you get an interesting perspective. these early European scholars viewed it analogous to things Ottoman Connections to the Malay World: Islam, Law and Society, Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press, 2011 (, This page was last edited on 21 June 2023, at 09:11. Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule; how and where did it expand before 1450? As a result, the Muslim population in Europe has steadily risen. One of the most quoted So according to Ira Lapidus, This is an update of a post that originally published on April 23, 2015. It was also during Abbasid rule that many people converted to Islam, for a multitude of reasons including sincere belief and avoiding paying taxes levied on non-Muslims. Direct link to roxanneg001's post Did the Arab Muslim only , Posted 3 years ago. So to some degree, those who would see the nuance in this passage, "And fight in the way of "Truly God likes not the transgressors. [69] Eventually, after numerous wars sapped its strength, the Mughal Empire was broken into smaller powers like Shia Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Kingdom of Mysore, which became the major Asian economic and military power on the Indian subcontinent. Like their Byzantine and late Sasanian predecessors, the Marwanid caliphs nominally ruled the various religious communities but allowed the communities' own appointed or elected officials to administer most internal affairs. Before Islam spread in the Arabian _____________, tribes attacked each other. Debates raged about the nature of Islamic leadership and religious authority. Conversion was a combination, initially by violence, threat or other pressure against the person. "In others, it appealed to 600 - 1450 Regional and interregional interactions. Without their help, for example, Andalusia could never have been incorporated into the Islamic state. As is well known, the Arabs made no attempt to impose their faith on their new subjects, and at first in fact discouraged conversions on the part of non-Arabs. He changes his name to reflect his new religion. Immediately after Muhammad's death, Muslims established the first caliphates, or communities ruled by Islamic leaders. Direct link to Destiny Condon's post Why were the caliphs succ, Posted 5 years ago. sense of nonsuperiority of one ethnicity over another. I looked it up and this is what I found How did Islam influence and change Turkey's culture? Muslims controlled parts of the western silk road and were influential on trans-Saharan trade routes. Direct link to Mitrue's post In Islam, Muhammad is not, Posted 3 years ago. modern notion that we have of passive resistance, [4], Through the Muslim conquest of Persia, in the 7th century, Islam spread as far as the North Caucasus, which parts of it (notably Dagestan) were part of the Sasanid domains. The question before us is why. "[21] In contrast, for tribal, nomadic, monotheistic societies, "Islam was substituted for a Byzantine or Sassanian political identity and for a Christian, Jewish or Zoroastrian religious affiliation. or Eastern Roman Empire, taking territory from them here, and then Sasanid Persia, and some Christians. The new understanding by the religious and political leadership in many cases led to a weakening or breakdown of the social and religious structures of parallel religious communities such as Christians and Jews. [24] He noted: "The question of why people convert to Islam has always generated the intense feeling. [32], A third development is the growth and elaboration of transnational military organizations. The first Indian mosque is thought to have been built in 629CE, purportedly at the behest of an unknown Chera dynasty ruler, during the lifetime of Muhammad (c.571632) in Kodungallur, in district of Thrissur, Kerala by Malik Bin Deenar. In 610 A.D., in a cave on the Arabian Peninsula, a merchant from Mecca, Islam named Muhammad was meditating when he was interrupted by the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite and spread the words that Allah is the one God, which he would later be spread and known as Islam. They led a revolt against the Umayyads, bringing the Abbasid caliphate to power. [76] The Bulgars of the Volga (to whom the modern Volga Tatars trace their Islamic roots) adopted Islam by the 10th century. that we're talking about though in this map. Considerable controversy exists as to how conversion to Islam came about in the Indian subcontinent. *bold*How did the Arabian peninsula help the Muslims conquer more land? "In most cases, worldly Its like of your at school and you bump into someone if they attack you first you can defend yourself if your the attacker your at fault not the other person. This, combined with high fertility rates, will accelerate Muslim population growth. These new political structures diminished Abbasid power. A distinct Muslim community, the Panthays, was established in the region by the late 13th century. As the conquests slowed and the isolation of the fighters (muqatilah) became less necessary, it became more and more difficult to keep Arabs garrisoned. . People who would defend this Now those who would defend or see a little bit more nuance here, would say, look, you've got to, this is not talking about Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to 661 CE, which was the reign of the first four successors of Muhammad. But this mixture of motives combined to form a process that forged Islamic and Arab ideals and communities into a fast-growing religious and political identity. Mass Conversion to Islam: Theories and Protagonists", The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, p. 212, The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp. The distinction between Arab Muslims and non-Arab Muslims diminished, with Persian culture exerting a greater influence on the Abbasid court. According to the historian Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Bszrmny (Izmaelita or Ismaili/ Nizari) denomination of the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10th to 13th centuries, were employed as mercenaries by the kings of Hungary. According to Ibn Batuta, the Khaljis encouraged conversion to Islam by making it a custom to have the convert presented to the Sultan who would place a robe on the convert and award him with bracelets of gold. Oftentimes they're proven wrong. There's also worldly motives. I know one of them is Muslim, but what's the other one? But their opponents also had firm ideological commitments and there is no reason to assume that individuals were likely to be any less brave. As a rule, the Ottomans did not require followers of Greek Orthodoxy to become Muslims, although many did so in order to avert the socioeconomic hardships of Ottoman rule. Islam was just that much better. They were torturing and killing that early Muslim community. taking territory from them. A map depicting the extent of the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE, which extended from Spain in the west to northern India in the East and covered northern Africa, southern Europe, Anatolia, and the Arabian Peninsula. Fair Treatment of People Islam spread so quickly because Mecca was connected to many trade routes. The military conquest was inspired by religion, but it was also motivated by greed and politics. If you lived in the Islamic empire, and were not Muslim, what did you have to do? Overview Towards the end of the Abbasid caliphate, the formerly vast and united Islamic empire became fragmented and decentralized. It was by the command of Muhammad (sa). The result, he points out, can be seen in the diversity of Muslim societies today, with varying manifestations and practices of Islam. The history problem There are many accounts from the period about the early Muslim conquests, but much of the material is unreliable and written to present things in a way that glorified the. The Muslim community spread through the Middle East through conquest, and the resulting growth of the Muslim state provided the ground in which the recently revealed faith could take root and flourish. . 74, Sturrock, J., South Canara and Madras District Manual (2 vols., Madras, 1894-1895), Eaton, "5. [21], The empire spread from the Atlantic Ocean to the Aral Sea, from the Atlas Mountains to the Hindu Kush. Does one religion have the monopoly on truth? Wars, though often ostensibly about religious differences, are usually about money and power. In the forefront, a decorated, gold structure. [71] There is no clear indication of when Islam first came to the region, the first Muslim gravestone markings year 1082. And if it was a new and upstart faith, its administration by simple and honest men was preferable to the corruption and persecution that were the norm in more civilized empires George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton, Islam at War: A History, 2003. subjugated in most cases. When Zoroastrianism and Islam had a encounter resulted in the virtual disappearance of Zoroastrianism from Sassanid Empire. [47] However, in the same time period, the number of Christians also grew in Africa, from 8.7 million in 1900 to 346 million in 2000, surpassing both the total population as well as the growth rate of Islam on the continent. Only when we get into Direct link to birdybunny's post So how was Muhammad succe, Posted 2 years ago. your own primary resources. [citation needed] By the time the colonial powers and their missionaries arrived in the 17th century the region up to New Guinea was overwhelmingly Muslim with animist minorities. Peninsula Islam After people in the Arabian Peninsula converted to ______________, these attacks changed. property contract rights, but different political rights. The early Muslims fled to the port city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia to seek protection from the Quraysh at the court of the Aksumite Emperor in present-day Ethiopia. These empires were significantly weakened after a period of fighting with one another and other peripheral factions like the Turks, economic turmoil, disease, and environmental problems. Islam traveled through these regions in many ways. at do hint at these early caliphates weren't that At Mecca, Muhammad is said to have received repeated embassies from Christian tribes. about it in future videos. interesting is to think about how and why it was able [21], The caliphs of the Arab dynasty established the empire's first school, which taught the Arabic language and Islamic studies. However, this unity was tentative and ultimately gave way to major divergences that disrupted state and religious institutions in the coming centuries. "In some cases, the diffusion of Islam "depended on its adoption Having a shared religion means having a shared belief system and shared values, which facilitates trade. Islam spread at such a fast rate due to trade, conquest, and law. India and Pakistan. Scholars reject the stereotype that this process was initially "spread by the sword" or forced conversions. from a religious point of view, you can look at some of the Direct link to David Alexander's post Judaism and Christianity , Posted 5 years ago. The English synonym of "Muslimization", in use since before 1940 (e.g., Waverly Illustrated Dictionary), conveys a similar meaning as "Islamization". Not having a shared religion spawns disagreement. As he received messages from God, Muhammad began to teach and recite them to others. It was perhaps this political decentralization and destabilization that led to the spread of Islam beyond the massive Abbasid empires borders. The Arab Muslim rulers were not purely motivated by religion, nor was their success attributed to the power of Islam alone, though religion certainly played a part. "Such is the recompense prophets and the leadership to kill other people just because they disbelieve God in the Old Testament. Other sources I've looked was born roughly in 570 and dies in 632. Conquest is usually used in reference to the establishment of some type of political control. In addition, calendar reforms adopted in Europe at this time were disseminated amongst the indigenous Christians of Tunis, which would have not been possible had there been an absence of contact with Rome. Other estimates suggest that Muslims were not a majority in Egypt until the mid-10th century and in the Fertile Crescent until 1100. Many Christians, such as John of Damascus, held important offices at their court. Is it? I encourage you to look up The Qur'an has a number of passages that support military action against non-Muslims, for example: But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war) Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book Other passages confirmed the rightness of the ancient military tradition of looting from the defeated, and specified how the booty should be divided. Bishop Arculf, whose account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the seventh century, De locis sanctis, written down by the monk Adamnan, described reasonably pleasant living conditions of Christians in Palestine in the first period of Muslim rule.
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5 reasons why islam spread so quickly
