Hinduism Ethnic or Universalizing. Universalizing religions often emerge from one ethnic group, but are meant to be applied to all ethnic groups. So its not just that outsiders are confused about various practices of Hinduism which seem to contradict each other. Some argue that labeling Hinduism as an ethnic religion is a way of reinforcing caste-based discrimination and exclusion. The three largest universalizing religions are described below. In this article, we will unpack this debate and explore its various perspectives. It has a wast history and millions of followers. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Christian scriptures state that Jesus began performing miracles and strongly criticizing traditional Jewish authorities. These efforts at self-explanation add a new layer to an elaborate tradition of explaining practice and doctrine that dates to the 1st millennium bce. Other major universalizing religions include the Bah Faith, Taoism, Spiritism, Confucianism, and Jainism. But, like any universalizing religion, Christianity was not conceived as the creed of any one specific people. What are the 4 main ethnic religions? You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. It is important to recognize the diversity and complexity of Hinduism, and to approach this debate with an open mind and a willingness to learn. Fig. 94% of StudySmarter users achieve better grades. Though the caste system in India began with Hinduism, that system is no longer rigidly enforced. The answer is no because Hinduism is an Ethnic Religion. Letting go of the extremes of both hedonism and asceticism, Gautama meditated under a bodhi tree along the Niranjana River. Ethnic. Buddha summarized his teaching in the Four Noble Truths: The cause of suffering is attachment and desire. Shaivism spread from southern India into Southeast Asia and is practiced in Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia as well as India. Today there are four major sects of Hinduism: Shaivism, Vaishnava, Shaktism and Smarta, as well as a number of smaller sects with their own religious practices. Hinduism is closely related to other Indian religions, including, Brahma: the god responsible for the creation of the world and all living things, Vishnu: the god that preserves and protects the universe, Shiva: the god that destroys the universe in order to recreate it, Devi: the goddess that fights to restore dharma, Krishna: the god of compassion, tenderness and love, Lakshmi: the goddess of wealth and purity, Brahmin: the intellectual and spiritual leaders, Kshatriyas: the protectors and public servants of society, Navaratri: a celebration of fertility and harvest, Krishna Janmashtami: a tribute to Krishnas birthday, Raksha Bandhan: a celebration of the bond between brother and sister, Maha Shivaratri: the great festival of Shiva. Hindus observe numerous sacred days, holidays and festivals. There are many frequently asked questions related to this topic that well also try to answer. Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free. In this article, we will explore the different perspectives on Hinduism's identity and the implications of these views. Diwali(festival of lights) holi holidays based on distinct physical geography of homeland. Buddhism was founded in Northern India by the first known Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. Hinduism is one of the oldest and most complex religions in the world, with a rich history and diverse practices. One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is atman, or the belief in soul. The om symbol is often found at family shrines and in Hindu temples. These cookies do not store any personal information. By its definition, ethnic religions are found near the hearth but spread through relocation diffusion. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. However, many modern Hindus reject the caste system and work to promote social justice and equality. Muhammad died in 632, but his followers continued what he started, spreading Islam throughout Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian peninsula. British India was split into what are now the independent nations of India and Pakistan, and Hinduism became the major religion of India. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Polytheistic religions practiced today include Hinduism and Shintoism. The sects that showed some rigidity for various historical as well as political reasons like Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism were accorded by the British as well as accepted by the society as separate from the mainstream i.e. A Goal Common To Confucianism Taoism And Buddhism Is To Establish Peace And Harmony In Life. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism, World Religious and Spirituality Project - Hinduism, Texas State Historical Association - Handbook of Texas - Amarillo, Texas, United States, Hinduism - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hinduism - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Is Islam monotheistic? Hinduism: Ethnic or Universalizing? Major universalizing religions include Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, the Bah Faith, Taoism, Spiritism, Confucianism, and Jainism. Create and find flashcards in record time. They grouped all of those sects. There are two primary symbols associated with Hinduism, the om and the swastika. What are the main ethnic religions? Vaishnavism is considered the largest Hindu sect, with an estimated 640 million followers, and is practiced worldwide. Despite its global presence, however, it is best understood through its many distinctive regional manifestations. But his quest offered him no solutions. Instead of attracting only one group of people which live one place. You dont have to take any initiation to benefit from the knowledge of the rishis. Sikhism is a prominent example. What is universalizing religion?Describe universal?Why Islam is an universalizing religion?Difference between universalizing religion and ethnic religion?Why Hinduism not invite to come. In some cases, universalizing religions, like Christianity and Islam, replace ethnic religions. No, Hinduism is practiced all over the world, and there are Hindu communities in many different countries. Ethnic vs. Universalizing Religions: AP Human Geography Crash Course When it comes to Hinduism, there is much debate over whether it is an ethnic or universalizing religion. Some scholars also say that Hinduism is way of living life not an ethnic religion. and 1500 B.C. Why is there so much confusion when it comes to Hinduism? What Are Three Causes Of The Great Schism In Christianity? 3. In this regard, monotheism and polytheism are the two classifications of religion. Macaulay systems product, well versed with English and Christian outlook/worldview. Hindus strive to achieve dharma, which is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality. Is Hinduism a universalizing or ethnic religion? Desiring independence, Jews prayed for the coming of a Messiah (Khrists or "Christ" in Greek): a hero sent by God (YHWH) who would unite the Jewish people, overthrow their enemies, and restore the nation of Israel. Rather, universalizing religions are designed to cross ethnic and national boundaries. Is Hinduism ethnic or universalizing religion? - Answers This study guide will conclude with how universalizing and ethnic religions relate to the AP Human Geography exam. Now after going through all these definitions we can say that yes even according to the current definition of Hinduism, it can be considered universalizing. In 610 CE, according to Islamic teachings, Muhammad, an Arab merchant, began receiving visions from the angel Gabriel: God (al-Ilah, or Allah), the same God of the Jews and Christians, had chosen Muhammad to be his final prophet. Judaism is another well-known ethnic religion. Author of. Disciples like Paul and Peter were particularly instrumental in incorporating non-Jews (Gentiles) into the faith. Universalizing religions, such as Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam, all seek to convert new believers to their religions and are thereby global (or universal) in their spread. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Almost all Hindus live in one country, India, but also are in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. While ethnic religions may have some universal elements (and even some non-ethnic converts), they typically develop within the context of one ethnic group's collective efforts to develop their cultural identity in relation to the world around them. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Which of the following statements apply to the development of a universalizing religion? According to Buddhist tradition, he returned to his palace, and, disgusted by the ostentatious wealth, became totally disillusioned. An ethnic religion appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place 4. Others have preferred Vedic religion, using the term Vedic to refer not only to the ancient religious texts known as the Vedas but also to a fluid corpus of sacred works in multiple languages and an orthoprax (traditionally sanctioned) way of life. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Because the religion has no specific founder, its difficult to trace its origins and history. Yes, some argue that Hinduism is a universalizing religion because its teachings are applicable to all people, regardless of their ethnic background. In this concept, people are reborn after dying. The partition of India occurred in 1947, and Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Before we answer this question we need to know the definition of universalizing religion and ethnic religion. Hinduism founder. Updated: June 26, 2023 | Original: October 6, 2017. The world's largest universalizing religion is answer choices Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam Question 2 900 seconds Q. In the early 21st century, Hinduism had nearly one billion adherents worldwide and was the religion of about 80 percent of Indias population. Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs. On the other hand, those who argue that Hinduism is a universalizing religion point to its openness to people of all backgrounds. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Only by relinquishing all attachment could one be free of suffering and escape the endless cycle of reincarnation. What are 4 examples of universalizing religions? For this reason, rather than supplanting ethnic religions, Buddhism became incredibly syncretic as it spread in all directions; people were able to incorporate Buddhist ideas into already-existing belief structures, often radically reshaping Buddhism to fit the local culture. What Is The Purpose Of The Mantra During Meditation? and A.D. 500. All Rights Reserved. The giving of offerings is an important part of Hindu worship. Religion Key Points 2020 (1).docx - Religion: Hinduism Ethnic and Universalizing religions are essential parts of understanding which world we live in. Universalizing and ethnic religions have appeared in the multiple-choice section of the AP Human Geography exam. Geographers research and document the location of religions and use the results to explain why certain religions are widely distributed and why other religions are extremely concentrated. So lets look at how universalizing and ethnic religions have spread across the globe. They are mostly sects or parts of indigenous religions. Finally, others, perhaps the majority, have simply accepted the term Hinduism or its analogues, especially hindu dharma (Hindu moral and religious law), in various Indic languages. Hinduism has many practices and customs that are specific to India, and it has been passed down through generations of Indian families. Best Answer Copy Islam is an universal religion when we consider it's spiritual teachings that are grounded on those of Judaism and Christianity, but ethnic when we consider the diverse practices. (A hooked, diagonal variation of the swastika later became associated with Germanys Nazi Partywhen they made it their symbol in 1920.). Ethnic religion - Wikipedia In contrast to monotheism, polytheistic religions believe in more than one supreme or deity. Albert.io lets you customize your learning experience to target practice where you need the most help. Unit 3 Review quiz.docx - Unit III: Cultural Patterns and An exclusive religion holds that it alone is true relative to other religions. What is the caste system? Islam is the predominant religion in the Middle East from North Africa to Central Asia. Debating its Identity, The Taste of Bases: Exploring Their Flavor Profile, The Purpose of School: Unleashing Your Potential. Gradually the distinction became primarily religious rather than ethnic, geographic, or cultural. Additionally, universalizing religions usually place a greater emphasis on individual spirituality (such as personal salvation or personal enlightenment) to create a community of like-minded believers across ethnic backgrounds. The caste system is a social hierarchy in India that divides Hindus based on their karma and dharma. Omissions? Ethnic Religions: Definition & Example | StudySmarter Most ethnic religions are thousands of years old, but with unclear origins. However, voluntary conversion and religious liberty are not the norms everywhere in the world, nor were they the norm in many periods of history. What are the four largest universalizing religions today? Now lets look at Hinduism and try to answer this question. Is Hinduism a universalizing religion or an ethnic religion? Universalizing religions seek to convert others. 2. Hindus began to emphasize the worship of deities, especially Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Rather than assembling an army to overthrow the Romans, Jesus called on the Jews to redirect their energy toward spiritual renewal through unification with the "Kingdom of Heaven." non-Hindu. This study guide briefly compared universalizing and ethnic religions, how those religions have diffused over time, and are present in the areas of the world they are today. Hinduism is the oldest religion of the glob, which is still practiced today. Hinduism | Origin, History, Beliefs, Gods, & Facts | Britannica Its 100% free. The British agenda was to divide the society along any and every fault line they could create or achieve. Muhammad proclaimed the teachings of Islam in and around what geographic region? Through migration, both of these religions have become dispersed around much of the world, but they are closely tied to their own ethnic groups. Fasting: Muslims must fast, especially during the month of Ramadan. Author of, Professor of Bengali and Bengal Studies, University of Chicago. Even though Hinduism is limited to South Asia these days. There are just too many sects in Hinduism to count it as a universal religion. 5 Why is Christianity a universal religion? 2 - Jesus' crucifixion contains great meaning for many Christians. Most major religions, such as Christianity, Islam,. Conversion involves adopting a new religious identity, usually at the expense of a previous identity. to 500 B.C. It is illegal for ethnic Malays to practice any religion but Islam. When India became an independent nation, its constitution banned discrimination based on caste. Hindus believe that the Vedas transcend all time and dont have a beginning or an end. It expands via relocation diffusion and often increases through birth rates. Is Hinduism ethnic or universalizing? - Answers Muhammad began preaching publicly a few years after first encountering Gabriel. That's to be expected since around 65% of adults in the United States practice Christianity! Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic, which means they worship a single deity, known as Brahman, but still recognize other gods and goddesses. Concepts get interpreted out of their cultural context. Our Gurukul-educated Acharyas(Guru) are not just at par with western Sanskrit scholars but their capabilities go way beyond Western scholars. Ethnic and Universalizing religions are essential parts of understanding the world our live in. Which major historic empire made Christianity its state religion in 380 CE? An exclusive religion holds that it alone is true relative to other religions. Wiki User . Jesus would one day return, and would separate those who accepted his message from those that denied it. The four largest universalizing religions are Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Unlike universalizing religions, ethnic religions havent spread primarily because of the lack of missionaries. Unpacking the Debate, How Many Hydrogen Bonds Between A and U? It claims to have the truth and doesnt accept others as equal. Against this setting, Jesus of Nazareth emerged as an itinerant preacher. Many Hindus today practice their faith in countries outside of India, and they have adapted their practices to fit their new cultural contexts. The caste system is a social hierarchy that divides people based on their birth. Most scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between 2300 B.C. Q: Is Hinduism ethnic or universalizing Write your answer. Ethnic religions are often distinguished from universal religions , such as Christianity or Islam , in which gaining converts is a primary objective and, therefore, are not limited in ethnic, national or racial scope. But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed. 4. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Being over five thousands of years old, Hinduism beats all the other religions of the world. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. Religions spread over time through a process called diffusion. Even the majority of Hindus dont understand many of the concepts themselves. Two of the main universalizing religions, Christianity and Islam, find some of their roots in Judaism, recognizing Abraham as a Patriarch. The Course Description of the AP Human Geography lets you know that you have to distinguish between ethnic and universalizing religions. In 624, Muhammad began leading Muslims in armed conflict. 3. In 380 CE, Emperor Theodosius I made Christianity the official religion of Rome. The word swastika means "good fortune" or "being happy" in Sanskrit, and the symbol represents good luck. The Smarta or Smartism tradition of Hinduism is somewhat more orthodox and restrictive than the other four mainstream denominations. Corrections? 4,780 Views. Roughly 94 percent of the worlds Hindus live in India. Christianity is a universalizing religion. Christianity quickly grew from a small Jewish sect to a major interethnic faith in its own right. Universalizing religions, on the other hand, typically develop in response to a perceived spiritual or religious need that is not being satisfied either by the prevailing culture or by a specific ethnic religion. On the other hand, if Hinduism is seen as a universalizing religion, it may be more open and welcoming to people of all backgrounds. Hinduism: Universalizing or ethnic religion - Vediconcepts In order to practice the religion you must be born into it and/or through marriage. An early 18th-century depiction of Devi revered by Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. A perfect summary so you can easily remember everything. Is easy. Hinduism Basics.History of Hinduism, BBC.Hinduism Fast Facts, CNN. Where is the hearth of Islam? Christianity spread through relocation diffusion by missionaries and hierarchical diffusion when the Roman Empire made Christianity its official religion. Download updated posters summarizing the main topics and structure for each AP exam. Judaism is distributed throughout part of the Middle East and North Africa, the United States, Russia, and Europe. Signs Of The Spiritual Gift Of Discernment, How To Use The Spiritual Gift Of Discernment, One Feature That Probably Contributed To The Rich Developments In Hinduism Was, The Correct Chronological Flow Of Buddhism Would Be. Some of the most prominent deities include: Hindu worship, which is known as puja, typically takes place in the Mandir (temple). Hinduism and Buddhism have many similarities. Universalizing religion A religion that has spread throughout the world without being restricted by the geographical boundary of a particular country. In 630, with an army 10,000 strong, Muhammad conquered Mecca. The three largest universalizing religions are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. For centuries, the caste system determined every aspect of a persons social, professional and religious status in India. A Pakistani Hindu family offers prayers and light candles as they mark Diwali, the Festival of Lights, in Lahore, 2016. Over the following 1,000 years, Europeans brought Christianity with them wherever they went, often resorting to violence or coercion to enact the Great Commission. Veda, Brahmans, and issues of religious authority, Other sources: the process of Sanskritization, The prehistoric period (3rd and 2nd millennia, Religion in the Indus valley civilization, The Vedic period (2nd millennium7th century, Challenges to Brahmanism (6th2nd century, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism, The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Questions of influence on the Mediterranean world, The rise of devotional Hinduism (4th11th century), The challenge of Islam and popular religion, The modern period (from the 19th century), The religious situation after independence, Elaborations of text and ritual: the later Vedas, Philosophical sutras and the rise of the Six Schools of philosophy, Tantric and Shakta views of nature, humanity, and the sacred, Tantric and Shakta ethical and social doctrines, Divination, spirit possession, and healing, Rituals, social practices, and institutions, Renunciants and the rejection of social order, Cultural expressions: visual arts, theatre, and dance, Religious principles in sculpture and painting, Religious organization of sacred architecture, 6 Cultures That Recognize More than Two Genders. You can also see how each of those religions within the areas have evolved and impacted each other. The roots of Hinduism can be traced back much fartherboth textually, to the schools of commentary and debate preserved in epic and Vedic writings from the 2nd millennium bce, and visually, through artistic representations of yakshas (luminous spirits associated with specific locales and natural phenomena) and nagas (cobralike divinities), which were worshipped from about 400 bce. The om symbol is composed of three Sanskrit letters and represents three sounds (a, u and m), which when combined are considered a sacred sound. Hinduism is the largest ethnic religion, concentrated in its hearth of India. Caste has traditionally played a significant role in Hinduism, with people being born into specific castes that determine their social status and occupations. So every tradition that developed in India has knowingly or unknowingly some cultural aspects that are also shared by other traditions. Therefore, the answer to the question Is Hinduism A Universalizing Religion? Not long after that, he conquered virtually the entire Arabian peninsula, uniting the various Arab tribes under Islam. In religious studies, an ethnic religion is a religion or belief associated with a particular ethnic group. Explain the relationship between universalizing religions and exclusive religions. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. To help you apply this study guide to the exam as best as possible, here is an example from the Barrons AP Human Geography Practice Test. The debate over Hinduism's identity has important implications for how the religion is understood and practiced. Some countries, confessional states, have state religions and restrict religious liberties for some or all of the population. religion mono or polytheistic ethnic or universalizing hearth region 1. Ethnic religions often have unique practices, rituals, and customs that are specific to the group that practices them. A Acculturation B Assimilation C Toponyms D Isogloss E Symbols is a belief system that promotes one truth and seeks to teach this truth to anyone who would listen. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Relocation diffusion in recent decades to Europe and US Religion: Buddhism Founder/when: Gautama Buddha dates to 6 th century BC Hearth/s- South.
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hinduism ethnic or universalizing
