please include a backlink to the respective infographic URL. He is also the editor-in-chief of The Root. daily and featuring the latest statistics from the media, They note that dismissing the profits of the enslavement of human beings from significance because it was a "small share of national income", could be used to argue that there was no industrial revolution, since modern industry provided only a small share of national income and that it is a mistake to assume that small size is the same as small significance. Other countries with significantly high slave populations are Russia, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Egypt, Myanmar, Iran, Turkey, and Sudan. The Middle Passage refers to the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Evidence is incomplete about the extent and practices of chattel slavery throughout much of the rest of the continent prior to written records by Arab or European traders. This region of water made it easy for capture of slaves and transport. These included the Bono State, Oyo empire (Yoruba), Kong Empire, Imamate of Futa Jallon, Imamate of Futa Toro, Kingdom of Koya, Kingdom of Khasso, Kingdom of Kaabu, Fante Confederacy, Ashanti Confederacy, and the kingdom of Dahomey. [9], "The slaves in Africa, I suppose, are nearly in the proportion of three to one to the freemen. New Orleans, by contrast, had 10,939 free persons of color, or around 6 percent of the population, down from a high of more than 28 percent in 1810 and a high absolute number of 15,072 in 1840the result, among other things, of tighter regulations on free black peoples privileges, increasing white immigration into the city and opportunities for them to advance elsewhere. 11. Get quick analyses with our professional research service. When publishing one of these graphics, The primary reason was natural increase, a distinguishing feature of American-style slavery. What's more, only two of 193 have laws that specifically criminalize modern slavery as well as the four slavery-adjacent practices: serfdom; debt bondage; sale, transfer, or inheritance of a bride/wife/widow; or delivery of children for exploitation. In, Slave Voyages. Slavery in medieval Europe was so widespread that the Roman Catholic Church repeatedly prohibited itor at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands was prohibited at, for example, the Council of Koblenz in 922, the Council of London in 1102, and the Council of Armagh in 1171. 300,000 of them disembarked in the U.S . Around 300,000 disembarked in the U.S. directly, while many more arrived via the inter-American slave trade from the Caribbean or Latin America. October 13, 2020. Slavery has never been eradicated in Africa, and it commonly appears in African states, such as Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, and Sudan, in places where law and order have collapsed. [105], European slave trade in the Indian Ocean began when Portugal established Estado da ndia in the early 16th century. The numbers taken from database project SlaveVoyages.org. China, the Earth's most populous country, has the second-highest number of slaves at more than 3.8 million. From 1250 on Egypt was ruled by the Bahri dynasty of Kipchak Turk origin. As Patrick Manning has pointed out, the vast majority of items traded for slaves were common rather than luxury goods. Between 1790 and 1860, reports Ronald Bailey, author of The Other Side of Slavery: Black Labor, Cotton, and Textile Industrialization in Great Britain and the United States, in the spring 1994 issue of Agricultural History, the U.S. slave population increased between 25 percent and 33 percent per yearan average of 28.7 percent over the period. For individual content and infographics in your Corporate Design, [112], The Spanish were the first Europeans to use enslaved Africans in America on islands such as Cuba and Hispaniola,[113] where the alarming death rate in the native population had spurred the first royal laws protecting the native population (Laws of Burgos, 151213). Southeast Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania Historical Data Annual number of slaves transported from Africa to the Americas 1501-1866 Published by Aaron O'Neill , Jun 21, 2022 Between 1501 and 1866, it is estimated that over 12.5. Between 2000 and 2019, the Black African immigrant population grew 246%, from about 600,000 to 2.0 million. One of our men wandered and found many slaves with slave-sticks on, abandoned by their masters from want of food; they were too weak to be able to speak or say where they had come from; some were quite young. Bali and neighbouring islands supplied regional networks with c.100,000150,000 slaves 16201830. In 1860, according to the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, 75 percent of white families in the United States owned not a single slave, while 1 percent of families owned 40 or more. The majority were sailors taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers, and overall most of the captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy. North Korea moves up to the top slot, due in large part to the country's common practice of requiring citizens, from adults down to 13-year-olds, to perform "communal labor" for no pay. A second Middle Passage followed within the U.S. between the end of the Revolutionary War and the start of the Civil War. Captive, refugee, slave, peasant were all used in order to describe those in the trade. According to Rodney all other areas of the economy were disrupted by the slave trade as the top merchants abandoned traditional industries to pursue slaving and the lower levels of the population were disrupted by the slaving itself. The broadside pictured above advertised a slave auction at the St. Louis Hotel in New Orleans on March 25, 1858. 21. Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. 9. Slave trade in the Indian Ocean was, nevertheless, very limited compared to the c.12,000,000 slaves exported across the Atlantic. In honor of Black History Month, Ive assembled a list of statistics on slavery that every parent and child in America should know. However, the total number of slaves is only one way to measure the level of slavery in a country. Sub-Saharan Africans were able to endure the malaria-infested lands they were transported to, which is why North Africans were not transported despite their close proximity to Arabia and its surrounding lands. Countries with the highest fertility rates 2023, Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945, Urbanization in the United States 1790 to 2050. [127], According to Patrick Manning, internal slavery was most important to Africa in the second half of the 19th century, stating "if there is any time when one can speak of African societies being organized around a slave mode production, [18501900] was it". The language for slaves in the Great Lakes region varied. [57] In response to pressure by Western Allies of World War II, Ethiopia officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude after it regained its independence in 1942. West Central Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Republic of the Congo Over the period of the Atlantic Slave Trade, from approximately 1526 to 1867, some 12.5 million captured men, women, and children were put on ships in Africa, and 10.7 million arrived in the Americas. 3. [95] He also mentioned the import of non African eunuchs by the Byzantines from Mesopotamia and India. [8] Many communities had hierarchies between different types of slaves: for example, differentiating between those who had been born into slavery and those who had been captured through war. This chart shows the number of Africans forced to leave the continent in the slave trade, by region. He argues that the enslavement of Africans was an essential element to the Industrial Revolution, and that European wealth was, in part, a result of slavery, but that by the time of its abolition it had lost its profitability and it was in the economic interest of various European governments to ban it. It involved the pledge of a person or a member of that person's family, to serve another person providing credit. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: 400 years ago, in August 1619, the first ship with enslaved Africans destined for the United States arrived in what was then the colony of Virginia. Maryland was the state with the largest population of free blacks in 186083,942and the highest proportion of free versus enslaved blacks, with 49.1 percent free. The U.S. Census Bureau counts the number of people living in the United States every 10 years. Sacrifices were carried out all along the West African coast and further inland. Slavery also changed the social fabric of the African continent by cutting in half the population it would have had in 1800 had slavery not occurred. Chattel slavery in America was highly demanding because of the physical nature of plantation work and this was the most common destination for male slaves in the New World. facts. ; and the Second Ward of the City of St. Louis. [166], A similar debate has taken place about other European nations. Slavery in historical Africa was practised in many different forms: Debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, slavery for prostitution, and enslavement of criminals were all practised in various parts of Africa. world relating to economic and political issues as well as So slaves accounted for 12.6 percent of the national population. Some slaves have more wives than their masters. [40], The coastal villages and towns of Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Mediterranean islands were frequently attacked by the pirates, and long stretches of the Italian and Spanish coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants; after 1600 Barbary pirates occasionally entered the Atlantic and struck as far north as Iceland. [73] In a paper read to the Ethnological Society of London in 1866, the viceroy of Lokoja, Mr T. Valentine Robins, who in 1864 accompanied an expedition up the River Niger aboard HMSInvestigator, described slavery in the region: Upon slavery Mr Robins remarked that it was not what people in England thought it to be. Slavery before this period was generally domestic. Statista offers daily infographics about trending topics, covering:Economy & Finance, Politics & Society, Tech & Media, Health & Environment, Consumer, Sports and many more. [143] The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database estimates that the Atlantic slave trade took around 12.8 million people between 1450 and 1900. A majority of free blacks in the South were female (52.6 percent of them were women in 1860), because, according to Berlin, free black men had a greater tendency to move out of the region. "History & Memory: The Making of an Atlantic World: Pre-colonial Africa", The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, USA, 2021. Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. 22. "Estimated number of slaves taken from various regions of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade by destination from 1501 to 1866." [87], Slave relationships in Africa have been transformed through four large-scale processes: the trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, the Atlantic slave trade, and the slave emancipation policies and movements in the 19th and 20th centuries. [142], The extent of slavery within Africa and the trade in slaves to other regions is not known precisely. . please visit our agency website, Your contact to the Infographics Newsroom, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Shillington, Kevin (2005). Well before then, New York City was a major hub of the slave trade. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in much of the rest of the ancient world. In the relevant literature African slavery is categorized into indigenous slavery and export slavery, depending on whether or not slaves were traded beyond the continent. Findlay and O'Rourke also note that the share of American export commodities produced by enslaved human beings, rose from 54% between 1501 and 1550 to 82.5% between 1761 and 1780. Windward Coast: Liberia, Cte d'Ivoire facts. Heres one that may shock you: As late as 1850, the state of New Jersey, as a result of its gradual emancipation policies, still reported some 236 slaves in the Federal Census. Show publisher information Similarly, a 2017 report from the International Labour Office describes modern slavery as not just laborers "owned" by other people, but also forced marriages, state-imposed forced labor, and victims of human trafficking and sexual exploitation. [69] Furthermore, the early colonial states had weak effective control over their territories, which precluded efforts to widespread abolition. Slavery has played a role in the history of nearly every country on Earth and remains a massive problem in many places around the globe. Many African states dependent on the international slave trade reoriented their economies towards legitimate commerce worked by slave labour. The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses No. Custom, however, has established certain rules with regard to the treatment of slaves, which it is thought dishonourable to violate. The abolition of the Atlantic slave trade resulted in the economies of African states dependent on the trade being reorganized towards domestic plantation slavery and legitimate commerce worked by slave labour. (For more, see Caryn Cosse Bells book, Revolution, Romanticism, and the Afro-Creole Protest Tradition in Louisiana.). Africans knew what awaited slaves in the New World. In addition, some, but not all, are listed in Twiggs County, Ga.; Washington County, Ten. Just a tenth of 1 percent of Americans owned 100 or more slaves. Until the 1830s c.200 slaves were exported from Mozambique annually and similar figures have been estimated for slaves brought from Asia to the Philippines during the Iberian Union (15801640). The Emancipation Proclamation did not abolish the institution of slavery in the United States. Slaves are unable to withdraw from this arrangement and are typically forced to work for little to no pay. Slaves would take advantage of early colonial laws that nominally abolished slavery and would migrate away from their masters although these laws often were intended to regulate slavery more than actually abolish it. It is estimated that close to 20 million people were forced to leave the African continent enslaved. [2], Estimates by Patrick Manning are that about 12 million slaves entered the Atlantic trade between the 16th and 19th century, but about 1.5 million died on board ship. Simply copy the HTML code that is shown for the relevant statistic in order to integrate it. Free African Americans were listed by name in the Federal Census prior to the Civil War. The Statista "Chart of the Day", made available [23][8] Ugo Kwokeji has called early European reports of slavery throughout Africa in the 1600s unreliable, saying they conflated various forms of servitude with chattel slavery. Slave population in 1860 chart Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 150+ countries 300,000 of them disembarked in the U.S. but more arrived via the inter-American slave trade. Feel free to contact us anytime using our contact form or visit our FAQ page. Plantation slavery also occurred, primarily on the eastern coast of Africa and in parts of West Africa. This law allowed stiff fines, increasing with the number of slaves transported, for captains of slave ships. Perhaps not surprisingly, these were the first six states to secede from the Union following Lincolns election. [31] After the Islamic trade expansion across the Sahara,[32] the practices continued and eventually, the assimilative form of slavery spread to major societies on the southern end of the Sahara (such as Mali, Songhai, and Ghana). In, Slave Voyages. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. [145], According to David Stannard, 50% of deaths in Africa occurred as a result of wars between native kingdoms, which produced the majority of slaves. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. African monarchs also sent their children along these same slave routes to be educated in Europe, and thousands of former slaves eventually returned to settle Liberia and Sierra Leone. ], Slave trading in the Indian Ocean goes back to 2500 BC. Historical Data Number of African slaves taken by each nation per century 1501-1866 Published by Aaron O'Neill , Jun 21, 2022 From the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, Portuguese and. Britain followed this with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 which freed all slaves in the British Empire. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. This was because the colonial state depended on the cooperation of indigenous political and economic structures which were heavily involved in slavery. Boston University African Study Center. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1178929/number-slaves-by-region-africa-and-americas/, Estimated number of slaves taken from various regions of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade by destination from 1501 to 1866, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Change in GDP in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, United States: historical total unemployment and unemployment rate 1890-1988, Total imports, total exports, and trade balance of the U.S. 1790-1970, United States: annual number of banks and thrifts 1920-1935, United States: value of commercial and savings bank deposits 1920-1940, Dow Jones: average and yearly closing prices 1915-2021, Dow Jones: annual change in closing prices 1915-2021, Great Depression: Dow Jones monthly change over presidential terms 1929-1937, Worst days in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Best years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Worst years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, S&P 500 performance during major crashes as of August 2020, Change in industrial production in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, Interwar period: industrialization index in selected European countries 1925-1938, Average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in the U.S. 1914-1969, Nonagricultural employment in the United States 1900-1943, United States: number of strikes and workers involved 1881-1975, Industrial recovery after the Great Depression in select European countries 1928-1938, Increase in European import tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Interwar period: manufacturing index in selected American countries 1923-1944, Increase in Europe's agricultural tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Index of agricultural wages in the United States 1818-1948, Net income of farm operators in the United States 1910-1941, United States: arable crop output 1866-1988, United States: net migration of farm population 1921-1970, Wheat exports of the U.S., Canada, and Argentina 1852-1988, Federal share of relief spending in the U.S. during the Great Depression 1932-1940, Great Depression: annual benefits compared to manufacturing wages U.S. 1933-1940, Present-day countries in the British Empire 1600-2000, Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928, Level of pride relating to former empires in select countries in 2019, People's opinion on the current state of their country's former colonies in 2019, People's opinion on their country hypothetically still having an empire in 2019, Which event from the 1990s people would most want to witness firsthand 2013, Gross value added (GVA) of historical visitor attractions in the UK 2008-2020, Tertiary education's share of female enrollment in the GCC by country 2014, Number of classic cars sold for more than 5 million GBP* as of 2016, by manufacturer, Forecast: historical sites revenue Australia 2008-2018, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Southeast Africa and Indian ocean islands. [137] During the Second Sudanese Civil War people were taken into slavery; estimates of abductions range from 14,000 to 200,000. [88] It was the central theme of the Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889-90. [9] However, stigma often remained attached, and there could be strict separations between slave members of a kinship group and those related to the master. Around 40 percent of Africans uprooted in slavery are believed to. sports and entertainment. Portugal was the first country in the continent to abolish slavery in metropolitan Portugal and Portuguese India by a bill issued on 12 February 1761, but this did not affect their colonies in Brazil and Africa. [123] In addition, the Ottoman Empire abolished slave trade from Africa in 1847 under British pressure. So, here are some facts for you to memorize and quote, as you sort through the meaning of this marvelous month when we commemorate the sacrifices and achievements of our ancestors in your own lives. proper attribution to Statista. 27. Researchers Shane Doyle and Henri Mdard assert the distinction with the following: "Peasants were rewarded for valour in battle by the present of slaves by the lord or chief for whom they had fought. For instance, the United Kingdom passed the Modern Slavery Act 2015, and at least six other G20 countries have passed bills aimed at combating slavery in recent years. Around 40 percent of Africans uprooted in slavery are believed to have come from Angola in Southern Africa, with another 30 percent who came from the Bay of Benin in West Africa. [110], The distribution of gender among enslaved peoples under traditional lineage slavery saw women as more desirable slaves due to demands for domestic labour and for reproductive reasons. Here is The Root's Black History Month Challenge: If youre a parent, I ask you to share one of these amazing facts each morning or perhaps over dinner with your children (youll need to catch up by doing the first 10 today). "There's a decision-making process ongoing." 21:15:01 As only a few slaves in a canoe were sufficient to cover the cost of a trip and still make a profit, traders could fill any unused space on their canoes with other goods and transport them long distances without a significant markup on price. He says that it constituted the destruction of culture, language, religion and human possibility. [128] Despite slavery often being a justification behind conquest, colonial regimes often ignored slavery or allowed slavery practices to continue. [75][6], The continuing anti-slavery movement in Europe became an excuse and a casus belli for the European conquest and colonization of much of the African continent. and over 1Mio. Pawnship was a common practice throughout West Africa prior to European contact, including among the Akan people, the Ewe people, the Ga people, the Yoruba people, and the Edo people (in modified forms, it also existed among the Efik people, the Igbo people, the Ijaw people, and the Fon people). industries; and "Economy and Society", which 7. and over 1Mio. Bight of Benin: Benin, Nigeria, Togo Moreover, the nine other countries with the most overall slaves drop completely off the list. Consider the following list: If one re-sorts the list by frequency, which can also be expressed as the percentage of people in a given country who are slaves, the top 10 completely transforms. 3. Between 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New World. [99], This changed the slave relationships by creating new forms of employment by slaves (as eunuchs to guard harems, and in military units) and creating conditions for freedom (namely conversionalthough it would only free a slave's children). And they stayed there during the Civil War. 58 percent of people in slavery are living in just five countries: India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan. Gold Coast: Cte d'Ivoire, Ghana (For more, see Susan Schultens article Visualizing Slavery in the New York Times on Dec. 9, 2010.). | Securing the Bag: Part 3. 19. In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population distribution of slaves in the southern United States. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Sahrawi-Moorish society in Northwest Africa was traditionally (and still is, to some extent) stratified into several tribal castes, with the Hassane warrior tribes ruling and extracting tribute horma from the subservient Berber-descended znaga tribes.
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number of african slaves by country
