[80] He served the full term of his appointment as Calais captain, leaving office in 1451. [28][29] The county was valued at 800 marks per annum,[30][d] although the historian Michael Jones has suggested that due to the war, in real terms "the amount of revenue that could be extracted must have been considerably lower". 1444), killed at Northampton in 1460, both fighting for Lancaster. The latter also included the earldom of Buckingham, worth 1,000 on its own; Stafford had become one of the greatest landowners in England overnight. Margaret and Humphrey's son was Buckingham's eventual heir. In 1554, having petitioned Queen Mary I for financial assistance, he was made one of two Chamberlains of the Exchequer, a position that brought him an annual fee of 50. [1] Like many others, Stafford profited substantially from Gloucester's fall: when the latter's estates were divided up, the "major prizes"[85] went to the court nobility. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [47], Along with Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, Stafford was the major magnatial influence in Warwickshire,[61] so when Beauchamp left for a lengthy tour of duty in France, in 1437, Stafford became the centre of regional power stretching from Warwickshire to Derbyshire. . [142] The Yorkists left London and marched to the King; they were accompanied by the Papal legate Francesco Coppini. Sitelinks. Eleanor (or Alianore) was the daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert, Countess of Northumberland. He was knighted by Henry V in 1421 and then, under Henry VI, served several years in France in various military, administrative, and emissary roles; he was created comte de Perche (of Normandy) in 1431, inherited the earldom of Buckingham from his mother in 1438, and was created duke of Buckingham in 1444. [86] By then he was already describing himself as "the Right Mighty Prince Humphrey Earl of Buckingham, Hereford, Stafford, Northampton and Perche, Lord of Brecknock and Holdernesse". Humphrey Stafford was born in Stafford sometime in December 1402. On his death in 1889 without male issue, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles (the marquessate of Buckingham, marquessate of Chandos, earldom of Temple and earldom of Nugent) became extinct. Henry was reluctant to commit himself, and adopted delaying tactics. What was held directly by the King was the. Russian Wikipedia. "Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG (4 September 1455 - 2 November 1483) played a major role in King Richard III's rise and fall. Stafford family. [1] Anne married Aubrey de Vere, son of John de Vere, Earl of Oxford. [179], Buckingham arranged good but costly marriages for three of his daughters. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1402-1460 Anne de Nevelle 1409-1480 Marriage: 14 October 1424 Sir Henry Stafford 1425-1471 Humphrey Stafford 1427-1486 Lady Joan Stafford 1442-1485 Katharine Stafford 1445-1476 Richard Stafford 1426- Sir John Stafford 1st Earl of Wiltshire 1427-1473 Edward Stafford 1428-1484 Lady Anne Stafford 1429-1472 [155] Buckingham appears in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 2 (c. 1591), in which his character conspires in the downfall and disgrace of Eleanor, Duchess of Gloucester.[186]. This gave Stafford responsibility for much of the north Midlands, which was the largest single area of the duchy to be delegated among the nobility. Stafford was an important supporter of the House of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses, and was killed at the Battle of Northampton in July 1460. [140] With York in exile, Buckingham was granted custody of York's wife, Cecily, Duchess of York, whom, a chronicler reports, he treated harshly in her captivity. [41] His Marcher castlesCaus, Hay, Huntingdon, and Bronllyshad, by the 1450s, generally fallen into disrepair, and his other border castles, such as Brecon and Newport, he rarely used. [9], Although Stafford received a reduced inheritance, as the historian Carol Rawcliffe has put it, "fortunes were still to be made in the French wars". Since Stafford and Margaret were second cousins, it was necessary to obtain a dispensation for the marriage and this was granted on 6 April 1457. When the rebels returned the following year they attacked the royal army at Northampton. [130], York now had the political upper hand, made himself Constable of England and kept the King as a prisoner, returning to the role of Protector when Henry became ill again. She was the daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, and Eleanor Beauchamp, They were parents of Henry Stafford, the first duke . He became 6th earl of Stafford when only a year old, his father having died in battle. [7], In March 1471 Edward IV landed with a small army. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG (4 September 1454 - 2 November 1483) was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. He was slain by Yorkists at the Battle of Northampton. [80] His other public offices also forced him to spend over his annual income, and he had household costs of over 2,000. [183][s], Timothy J. Lustig has suggested that Thomas Malory, in his Morte d'Arthur, based his character Gawaine on Buckingham. The substantial manor house, known variously as Woking Old Hall[3] and Woking Palace,[5] became the principal residence of Henry and Margaret and its position allowed Henry to enter more into political life. Reginald Bray organized his burial at Pleshey.[10]. Around the same time, his mother died. Mary was in 1800 created Baroness Nugent in her own right in the Peerage of Ireland, with remainder to her second son George (see the Baron Nugent). He is also one of the primary suspects in the disappearance (and presumed murder) of the Princes in the Tower. Stafford became less active on the council around the same time. [12] Stafford was still a minor,[12] but parliament soon granted him livery of his father's estate, allowing him full possession. They included senior Lancastrian captains: Somerset, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford had all been killed. [36], The centrepiece of Stafford's estates, and his own caput, was Stafford Castle. [158] On her death in 1480, she left many books in her will. HENRY STAFFORD, Second DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, 1 (1454-1483), was the son of Humphrey Stafford, killed at the first battle of St. Albans in 1455, and grandson of Humphrey the 1st Duke (cr. Stafford assumed the profession of arms. [117] Buckingham may have hoped that repeated negotiations would deplete the Yorkists' zest for battle, and delay long enough for reinforcements to arrive. [52][f], In the late medieval period, all great lords created an affinity between themselves and groups of supporters, who often lived and travelled with them for purposes of mutual benefit and defence,[54] and Humphrey Stafford was no exception. On his mother's side, Stafford was the son of Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Buckingham, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, Earl of Buckingham (later Duke of Gloucester), youngest son of King Edward III of England. [100] Buckingham took part in a peace commission on 14 February that month in Devon, which prevented Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon from joining York at Dartford. His titles were forfeited along with the dukedom. His son, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, was a notable advisor in the reign of Charles II, and along with Lord Ashley made up the Protestant axis of the famous Cabal Ministry. When the King's cousin, Richard, Duke of York, rebelled two years later, Stafford investigated York's followers. Stafford's eldest son had died of plague two years earlier and the Buckingham dukedom descended to Stafford's five-year-old grandson, Henry, a ward of the King until he came of age in 1473. [49] In the 1440s and 1450s, Stafford's Welsh estates were particularly notable for both their rent arrears and public disorder. [1], Humphrey Stafford married Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland, by Lady Joan Beaufort (Westmorland's second wife), at some point before 18 October 1424. However, on 12 April he made a firm decision to support Edward and to join him, accompanied by his Steward, John Gilpyn, and other retainers. [2][3], In 1466 the King granted Henry and Margaret the former Beaufort manor of Woking in Surrey. The date of Henry's birth is unknown, but since his parents were married some time before 18 October 1424 and he was their second son, it is thought that he was born round about 1425. York demanded that Somerset be released into his custody, and the King replaced Somerset as Lord High Constable with Buckingham,[113] making Somerset subordinate. This marriage had lasted only about a year and Margaret had given birth to her son, Henry Tudor, after Edmund's death. Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, in full Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, earl of Stafford, earl of Buckingham, Baron Stafford, comte de Perche, (born August 15, 1402died July 10, 1460, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England), Lancastrian prominent in the Hundred Years War in France and the Wars of the Roses in England. In his will Henry's father settled 400 marks' worth of land on the couple, but the main part of their income came from Margaret's estates. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG (4 September 1455 - 2 November 1483) was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. [12], Stafford had an extensive library of about 300 books, mostly in Latin. [174] There was also, about 1450, discussion[171] regarding a proposal for one of Buckingham's daughters to marry the Dauphin of France (subsequently Louis XI). w' a greet multitude. The seventh son has gone unremarked in the sources. [50] Furtherand like most nobles of the periodhe substantially overspent, possibly, says Harriss, by as much as 300 a year. The first creation of the dukedom was on 14 September 1444, when Humphrey Stafford, was made Duke of Buckingham. [1], Around 1435, Stafford was granted the Honour of Tutbury, which he held until 1443. Dukes of Buckingham, first creation (1444), Dukes of Buckingham, second creation (1623), Dukes of Buckingham, third creation (1703), Dukes of Buckingham, fourth creation (1822), Buckingham, Earls, Marquesses And Dukes of, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey, John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, George Nugent Temple Grenville, 3rd Earl Temple, Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke_of_Buckingham&oldid=1159059029, John Sheffield, Marquess of Normanby (1710), Robert Sheffield, Marquess of Normanby (17111714), This page was last edited on 8 June 2023, at 00:00. Mowbray was created earl of Nottingham on succeeding to his elder . Anne Stafford 1483-1544 Sources (7) Henry Stafford, "Find A Grave Index" Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-22 A genealogical history of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited, and extinct peerages of the British empire by Burke, Bernard, Sir, 1814-1892 Spouse and Children Henry Stafford 1454-1483 Male Catherine Woodville 1458-1497 Female Then, says Griffiths, Buckingham proceeded to transfer it to one of his councillor's sons. Omissions? [1] The 1st Marquess of Buckingham had married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. This would indicate that the King was not sure of his loyalty. [g] In the late 1440s his immediate affinity was at least ten knights and twenty-seven esquires, mainly drawn from Cheshire. This area was prone to regular lawlessness and particularly occupied his time as a royal justice. Katherine was the sister of Elizabeth Woodville who was queen consort to King Edward IV (Grandfather to Henry VIII). [78] Stafford himself emphasised the need to restore order there in his original application for the office. [180] Their 1452 marriage cost Buckingham 2,300 marks; he was slow to pay, and still owed Oxford over 440 seven years later. It is not known for certain whether these men had actually fought with him at St Albans; as K. B. McFarlane points out, many retinues did not arrive in time to fight. [112] Negotiations commenced immediately. Also referred to as "Lord Henry Stafford" in some sources, as he was a younger son of a duke. [34] This put the royal affinitythose men retained directly by the Crown to provide a direct link between the King and the localities[35]at his command. These men were generally his estate tenants, who could be called upon when necessary for soldiering, as well as other duties,[55] and were often retained by indenture. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, KG (4 September 1455 [1] - 2 November 1483) was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. Victims of Henry VIII: Edward Stafford. [2], On 21 July 1403, when Humphrey was less than a year old, his father was killed fighting for Henry IV against the rebel Henry Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury. But Buckingham misjudged both the size of the Yorkist armywhich outnumbered that of the King[142]and the loyalty of the Lancastrian army. [164][m] Scholars generally agree that Buckingham and Anne had twelve children, consisting of seven sons and five daughters. [9], Although he had chosen the winning side, Henry was seriously wounded at Barnet and did not return to London with the victorious army. [101] A year later, in August 1453, King Henry became ill, and slipped into a catatonic state; government slowly broke down. Thomas Mowbray 1st Duke Of Norfolk, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (1366-99). [81][h] Other offices he held around this time included Seneschal of Halton from 1439, and Lieutenant of the Marches from 1442 to 1451. [j] Buckingham himself was wounded three times in the face[114][127] by arrows[124]and sought sanctuary in the abbey. [11] He is sometimes identified as the Henry Stafford who sat for Stafford in the House of Commons in 1545 and 1547, but it is more likely that this was his illegitimate half-brother Henry Stafford. [41] Stafford's Thornbury manor was convenient for Bristol and was a stopping point to and from London. Contributor: Elizabeth Thompson (49171464) English Nobleman, Second Duke of Buckingham. Cause of death: Beheaded, Marriage: 1470, Children: Humphrey 1475-1477, Edward 1477-1521, Henry 1479-1521, Elizabeth 1480-1532, Anne 1483-1544 and Anne 1583-1517. Career: Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, was born 4 September in Abergaveny, Monmouthshire, and grandson to the 1 st Duke. According to Martin Wiggins of the Shakespeare Institute,[187] Buckingham may be the eponymous character of the early-17th-century play, Duke Humphrey, which is now lost. The full title was Duke of the County of Buckingham and of Normanby but in practice only Duke of Buckingham and Normanby was used. [181] In 1452, Joan married William Beaumont, heir of Viscount Beaumont. A zealous Lancastrian, he added to his wealth the estates of dispossessed Yorkists, becoming perhaps the greatest landowner in all England. She and Henry were childless. The Dinhams were one of the wealthiest gentry families in. For example, it had no walls, only a defensible ditch, and access to the south of the main street was easy. As a result, they gathered a small force and marched south. [141] They immediately marched on, and entered London; the King, with Buckingham and other lords, was in Coventry, and on hearing of the earls' arrival, moved the court to Northampton. [1] Edward and the twins, George and William, died young. Partly due to a feud with a leading YorkistRichard Neville, Earl of WarwickStafford eventually declared for King Henry and the Duke of York was defeated in 1459, driving York into exile. [6] By Ursula he had about fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters,[6] of whom twelve names are known:[7], He was styled by the courtesy title Earl of Stafford (his father's secondary peerage) until the attainder of his father in 1521. stated in. He acted as the King's bodyguard and chief negotiator during Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450, helping to suppress it. His son, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was restored to the title upon Henry VII's accession to the throne in 1485, but he was ultimately executed for treason in 1521 due to his opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Henry VIII's chief advisor. [139] Buckingham's influential voice was chief among those demanding a military response to Warwick and March;[146] the Duke may also have misinterpreted the Yorkists' requests to negotiate as a sign of weakness,[147] seeing the coming battle as an opportunity to settle scores with Warwick. The leading Lancastrian commander, the Duke of Somerset, visited Henry and Margaret, his first cousin, at Woking in an attempt to persuade Henry to join the Lancastrian army which was being mustered. In 1628, he was assassinated by John Felton, a disgruntled army officer who had served under him, as he prepared an expedition to relieve the Huguenots of La Rochelle. [3] In the last few years of his life, he was sometimes so ill that Reginald Bray had to take over his responsibilities. The King, with a smaller force[109] that nonetheless included important nobles such as Somerset, Northumberland, Clifford and Buckingham and his son Humphrey, Earl of Stafford,[110] was likewise marching from Westminster to Leicester, and in the early morning of 22 May, royal scouts reported the Yorkists as being only a few hours away. Both were captured by the Yorkists and Stafford spent most of his final years attempting to mediate between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions, the latter by now headed by Henry's wife, Margaret of Anjou. She was 14 years old and he was in his early thirties. [2], He was born on 18 September 1501 at Penshurst Place in Kent, the only son and heir of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (14771521), of Stafford Castle in Staffordshire and of Thornbury Castle in Gloucestershire, by his wife Eleanor Percy, a daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert. Henry married the 15 year old Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509) on 3 January 1458 at Maxstoke Castle, Margaret was the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (killed at St Albans in 1455), widow of Edmund Tudor (killed at Mortimer's Cross in 1460) and mother to the infant Henry Tudor, later Henry VII. The earldom was created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to (1) the heirs male of the body of his deceased great-grandmother Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, and (2) in default thereof to his granddaughter Lady Anne Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, daughter of his son Richard, who succeeded as second Duke in 1839. However his family never truly recovered from the blow and thenceforward gradually declined into obscurity, with his descendant the 6th Baron being requested by King Charles I in 1639 to surrender the barony on account of his poverty. There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham. When Elizabeth Woodville married the King of England her . [4][3] On 20 December 1468 Edward IV visited Woking to attend a hunt and afterwards dined with Henry and Margaret at their hunting lodge at Brookwood. [3], Shortly afterwards, Edward purchased Henry Tudor's wardship for 1000 and placed him in the household of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, a staunch Yorkist. [139][136] Following their defeat, York and the Neville earls fled Ludlow and went into exile; York to Ireland, the earls to Calais. Factional strife had continued intermittently between Beaufort and Gloucester, and Staffordwho had also been appointed Constable of Englandwas by now firmly in the Beaufort camp. [51] His treasurer, William Wistowe, when rendering his accounts for the years 14521453, noted that Stafford was owed 730 by his reckoning, some debts being 20 years old. [5] As part of the marriage settlement the Countess settled lands in Somerset and Devon worth 700 marks on the couple and their children and the Duke of Buckingham contributed lands worth 500 as Ursula's jointure. [175], Buckingham's eldest son, Humphrey, married Margaret Beaufort. [106] Buckingham may well by now have been expecting war to break out, because the same year he ordered the purchase of 2,000 cognizanceshis personal badge of the 'Stafford knot'[107]even though strictly the distribution of livery was illegal. He is believed to have been the person who suggested the murder of the two Princes in the Tower. "'Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (18 September 1501 - 30 April 1563) was born in Penshurst, Kent, England the eldest son of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham. Here he maintained a permanent staff of at least forty people, as well as a large stable, and it was especially well-placed for recruiting retainers in the Welsh Marches, Staffordshire, and Cheshire. Although it was expected to be a drawn-out affairdue to the near-impregnability of the royal positionit was shortened considerably when Lord Edmund Grey of Ruthin turned traitor to the King. As his mother could not, by law, be his guardian,[8] Humphrey became a royal ward and was put under the guardianship of Henry IV's queen, Joan of Navarre. Within half an hour, the battle was over. [1] He fought with Henry V during the 1420 campaign in France and was knighted on 22 April the following year. [4] This is said to have been in celebration of the marriage of Henry's nephew, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, to Catherine Woodville, sister of the queen consort. Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter, Greyfriars Research Team, Kennedy & Foxhall 2015, "Combat with Sir Pandolf Malateste, The Pageants of Richard Beauchamp", "What do the scholars of the Shakespeare Institute actually do? This was with Sir Thomas Malory. Stafford also took part in the eventual arrest of Gloucester in 1447. [58] His affinity was probably composed along the lines laid out by royal ordinance at the time which dictated the nobility should be accompanied by no more than 240 men, including "forty gentlemen, eighty yeomen and a variety of lesser individuals",[47] suggested T. B. Pugh, although in peacetime Stafford would have required far fewer. Katherine married John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, six years later. He joined the English campaign in France with King Henry V in 1420 and following Henry V's death two years later he became a councillor for the new king, the nine-month-old Henry VI. However, despite his illness (see below), Henry was with Edward IV on 12 March 1470 at the Battle of Losecoat Field, where the rebel forces of Sir Robert Welles were defeated. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Henry became a member of the King's Household after his wardship was purchased by Edward IV in 1464 with half of the Bohun Estates appropriated into the Crown Property. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, (September 4, 1455 - November 2, 1483) was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England in October 1483. After the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos' death in 1861, the titles passed to his son, the third Duke. He married his second cousin, Margaret Beaufort, the mother of the future Henry VII of England. [6], In the autumn of 1470, Warwick and Clarence returned to England and King Edward was forced to flee into exile. [1], In the event, Stafford rarely visited Calais. Henry Staford was closely related to the royal house, three of his grandparents were descended from King Edward III. The 1st Duke of Buckingham was succeeded by his grandson, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who aided Richard III in his claiming the throne in 1483 (Edward IV of England's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville having been declared null and void and Edward's sons illegitimate by Act of Parliament Titulus Regius), but who then led a revolt against Richard and was executed later that same year. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [1] His minority lasted for the next twenty years. In 1548 he published an English translation of the 1534 tract by Edward Foxe, as "The True Dyfferens Between the Royall Power and the Ecclesiasticall Power", (original Latin title De vera differentia regiae potestatis et ecclesiae). [88] Despite his income and titles he was consistently heavily out of pocket. The marriage was relatively long and successful and coincided roughly with the minority of Margaret's son, the future Henry VII of England. Henry was the son of Anne Neville and Sir Humphery Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. [103] This parliament also appointed York as Protector of the Realm from 27 March 1454. [147] By 2:00pm, Buckingham, John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Egremont and Viscount Beaumont, had all been killed by a force of Kentishmen. [66] Stafford personally arrested Malory on 25 July 1451. On his father's side, Stafford was descended from Edmund de Stafford, who had been summoned to Parliament as Lord Stafford in 1299. They were attainted at the Coventry parliament later that year, and their estates distributed amongst the Crown's supporters. [104] Buckingham supported York's protectorate, attending York's councils more frequently than most of his fellow councillors. Stafford received a pledge from the council that if such a situation arose again during his tenure, he would not be held responsible. [162] Rawcliffe has suggested that although he was inevitably going to be involved in the high politics of the day, Buckingham "lacked the necessary qualities ever to become a great statesman or leader [he] was in many ways an unimaginative and unlikeable man". family. [177] Humphrey Stafford assigned them the manor of Newton Blossomville at the time of their marriage. [139], Buckingham's men dug in outside Northampton's southern walls, and fortified behind a tributary of the River Nene, close to Delapr Abbey. In 1547 he petitioned Parliament for restoration in blood, but did not claim any of his father's forfeited land or titles.
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henry stafford, 1st duke of buckingham
