These original inhabitants first arrived in New Guinea at a time (either side of the Last Glacial Maximum, approx 21,000 years ago) when the island was connected to the Australian continent via a land bridge, forming the landmass of Sahul. On average more than 1,570mm (62in) of rain falls in the north. Throughout most of the highland basins, much of the natural vegetation has been removed by the relatively intensive agriculture of the highlanders. The NT covers 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902sqmi), making it the third-largest Australian federal division, and the 11th-largest country subdivision in the world. New Guinea is a big island north of Australia.It is the second largest island in the world. The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia[6]) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The term Papuan languages refers to an areal grouping, rather than a linguistic one, since so-called Papuan languages comprise hundreds of different languages, most of which are not related.[28]. Farther inland mangroves are succeeded by nipa palms. The other three main islands are Kyushu, Shikoku, and Okinawa Islands. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory. The Largest Islands in Australia - WorldAtlas The first Dutch government posts were established in 1898 and in 1902: Manokwari on the north coast, Fak-Fak in the west and Merauke in the south at the border with British New Guinea. Australasia | One Earth Toyne, P. (2002) Northern Territory Government's Response to the House of Representatives Communications, Information Technology & the Arts Committee inquiry into Wireless Broadband Communications. Sometimes considered to be the easternmost island of the Indonesian archipelago, it lies north of Australia's Top End, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula, and west of the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. However, the Queensland government's superiors in the United Kingdom revoked the claim, and (formally) assumed direct responsibility in 1884, when Germany claimed north-eastern New Guinea as the protectorate of German New Guinea (also called Kaiser-Wilhelmsland). [22], In 1974, from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day, Darwin was devastated by tropical Cyclone Tracy. The inhabitants, believing themselves to be the only people in the world and, having never seen Europeans before, initially believed the explorers to be spirits of the dead due to the local belief that a person's skin turned white when they died and crossed into the land of the dead. The central highlands are the most densely populated part of the island. Port Moresby on the southeastern coast receives only about 40 inches (1,000 mm) of rain per year. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [41] Literature in many of these languages is available in the Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages. Indonesia is the most populous island nation and the most populous country in South-East Asia; it is also the island country with the most islands (the figures vary between 13,466 and 18,300) Japan Tokyo It encompasses the eastern half of New Guinea, the world's second largest island (the western half is made up of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua); the Bismarck Archipelago ( New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and several others); Bougainville and Buka (part of the Solomon Islands chain); and small offshore islands . 7 small Australian islands to explore this summer | Booking.com [3] The name is one of several toponyms sharing similar etymologies, ultimately meaning "land of the blacks" or similar meanings, in reference to the dark skin of the inhabitants. Pig-based trade between the groups and pig-based feasts are a common theme with the other peoples of southeast Asia and Oceania. The name Irian, which was originally favored by natives, is now considered to be a name imposed by the authority of Jakarta.[2]. 37, No.10, pp. Humans have lived in the present area of the Northern Territory since at least 48,400 to 68,700 years ago,[10] and for at least the last five centuries of that time, extensive seasonal trade links existed between the Indigenous peoples of this area and traders from what is now the region of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Tourism has strong links to other sectors in the economy including accommodation and food services, retail trade, recreation and culture, and transport. "Four Kings") or Raja Ampat, Papoua Gam Sio (lit. [36][37], 25.5% of the population, or 58,248 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016. Honshu is the largest Japanese Island and the world's seventh-largest island, occupying 225,800 km 2, about 60% of the country's total land area. 16 Largest Islands in the World By Area - Wildlife Explained The other two major landmasses of Oceania are the microcontinent of Zealandia, which includes the country of New Zealand, and the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, made up of the nation of Papua New Guinea. Geologically and biologically it is related to Australia. Melville Island is one of the Tiwi Islands to the north of Darwin, and has an area of 5,786 square kilometres. No SPAM! [24] Before the over-riding legislation was enacted, four people used the law supported by Dr Philip Nitschke. With the coming of the British, there were four early attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast, of which three failed in starvation and despair. Indonesia became independent in 1949, and a plebiscite was held in 1969 to decide Irian Barats future; as a result it was annexed to Indonesia. The main international markets for territory exports are Japan, China, Indonesia, the United States and Korea. The port was damaged in the 1942 Japanese air raids. Ramu is a 650 km long river. In the 1870s Captain John Moresby of Great Britain surveyed the southeastern coast, and by 1884 the southeastern quadrant of New Guinea had been annexed by Great Britain. [39] There is evidence that New Guinea gardeners invented crop rotation well before western Europeans. "The Papua Nine Negeri"), and Mafor Soa Raha (lit. The German New Guinea Company took over administration of the northeast quadrant in the same year. 39,492 students were enrolled in schools around the territory with 29,175 in public schools, and 9,882 in independent schools. The name Papua has also been long-associated with the island. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. . While this assembly exercises powers similar to those of the parliaments of the states of Australia, it does so by legislated devolution of powers from the Commonwealth Government, rather than by any constitutional right. Forming part of the Greater Antilles archipelago within the turquoise waters of the Caribbean, of which it is the second-largest (after Cuba), Hispaniola is an island of many names: Hispaniola is its Spanish colonial name, Saint-Domingue is its French colonial name, and it's called Taino Amerindian by the original indigenous people. [18] Then, at a 1975 conference and consequent publication,[19] they extended the name Sahul from its previous use for just the Sahul Shelf to cover the continent.[18]. September 2010, "Conservationists discover more than 1,000 species in New Guinea", "Progress on Southeast Asia's Flora projects", "New Guinea has the world's richest island flora", "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Biogeographic Units for Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation", "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas", "SEJARAH RAT SRAN RAJA KOMISI KAIMANA (History of Rat Sran King of Kaimana)", "The West Papuan Warriors Are A Rugby League Team Trying To Stop A Genocide", Autonomy isn't independence; Indonesian democracy stops in Papua, "For Indonesia's restive Papua region, will Biden's human rights focus bring any change? [2] The name was politicized later by Corinus Krey,[9] Marthen Indey, Silas Papare, and others with the Indonesian backronym Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti Nederland ("Join the Republic of Indonesia Oppose the Netherlands"). Yet the two land masses share a similar animal fauna, with marsupials, including wallabies and possums, and the egg-laying monotreme, the echidna. Canada is the world's second-largest country, sprawling over an area of 9.984 million square kilometers. [21] The federal government of Gough Whitlam set up the Woodward Royal Commission in February 1973, to enquire into how land rights might be achieved in the Northern Territory. But under the Australian Constitution, the federal government may set the terms of entry to full statehood. Geography of Australia Pacific islands STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity which country has owns the world's largest number of coral reefs Click card to see definition indonesia Click again to see term 1/85 Created by sripriyak Geography Terms in this set (85) The Largest Islands in the World | Britannica Singapore: Periplus Editions. The recent change to the island's name reflects the depth of culture and history that, paired with unparalleled natural beauty and wildlife, make any visit to K'gari a truly unmissable experience. The bulk of New Guineas population are subsistence farmers. Politically, the western half of the island comprises six provinces of Indonesia: Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, West Papua and Southwest Papua. The Centralian Advocate is circulated around the Alice Springs region twice a week. Harwood Island, in the Clarence River. Material in the collection includes books, newspapers, magazines, journals, manuscripts, maps, pictures, objects, sound and video recordings and databases. [53], The Northern Territory announced that it will undertake a project which will benefit its marine industry, including the development of a new Marine Industry Park near Darwin.[when?][55]. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The tide of the sea can have an effect of up to 300 kilometers. In the late 1960s improved roads in adjoining States linking with the territory, port delays and rapid economic development led to uncertainty in port and regional infrastructure development. The energy of the river is used by a power plant near the city of Kainantu. The flora of New Guinea is a mixture of many tropical rainforest species with origins in Asia, together with typically Australasian flora. The fatigue resulting from long-distance driving and the hazards inherent in dirt roads, wildlife, water crossings and wild weather have led the Northern Territory Government to pursue road safety campaigns in English and several Aboriginal languages. The current administrator is Hugh Heggie. Many believe human habitation on the island dates to as early as 50,000 BCE,[27] and first settlement possibly dating back to 60,000 years ago has been proposed. Minima ethnographica: Intersubjectivity and the anthropological project. Great Britain Photo: Getty Images Area: 209,331 sq km (80,823 sq miles) Population: 60,800,000 The tree line is around 4,000m (13,100ft) elevation, and the tallest peaks contain equatorial glacierswhich have been retreating since at least 1936. Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, [a] is an island country lying off the southeastern coast of Africa. Is Australia the largest island? - Earth Science Stack Exchange The two historically dominant political parties in the Northern Territory are the conservative Country Liberal Party, and the social-democratic Australian Labor Party. The southeast trade winds blow for about seven months each year, and rainfall on the southward-facing slopes of the central highlands frequently exceeds 300 inches (7,620 mm) annually. Watch the video to learn more about the name K'gari. Russia-Ukraine war latest: Kremlin may take 'formal control' of Wagner A railway was built between Palmerston and Pine Creek between 1883 and 1889. [10][5] Irian was used somewhat in 1972. Mamberamo was born from the confluence of two large inland rivers. Updates? as of May 2022, resulting from the 2022 federal election, Marion Scrymgour from the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Lingiari and Luke Gosling from the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Solomon serve in the House of Representatives, and Malarndirri McCarthy from the ALP and Jancita Jacinta Nampijinpa Price from the Country Liberal Party serve in the Senate. Goodwood Island. The people, known as the Dani, were the last society of its size to make first contact with the rest of the world. Mangrove swamps are found along the coastline almost everywhere. The Portuguese in 1511 were the first Europeans to sight the island but made no landing until 1527. Frost is recorded a few times a year. Lord Howe Island, a small island in the Tasman Sea, 600 kilometres (370 mi) east of the Australian mainland. Two more Northern Territory islands make it into the top five Australian islands by size, as well. Alfred Deakin opined at this time "To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. [7] The British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions. List of islands of Australia - Wikipedia It was subsequently restored. About 30 more people live in five family outstations . In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14C (57F), but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded. The first European contact with New Guinea was by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the 16th century. Before about 1930, European maps showed the highlands as uninhabited forests. What Is The Smallest Island in the World? - WorldAtlas ; London (the capital of Britain) is the largest city in Britain. Tourism is an important economic driver for the territory and a significant industry in regional areas. The chief minister is the head of government of a self-governing territory (the head of a state government is a premier). However, the name change never went ahead. Bishop Rock is on the Cornwall peninsula. The western half of the island contains the Indonesian provinces of Papua and Papua Barat (formerly . [51] When first flown over by aircraft, numerous settlements with agricultural terraces and stockades were observed. The Sepik is a much more important river. A Northern Territory school education consists of six years of primary schooling, including one transition year, three years of middle schooling, and three years of secondary schooling. [43] Private fee-paying schools include schools run by the Catholic Church and independent schools, some elite ones similar to English public schools.
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