Oh, M. H., Houghton, P. J., Whang, W. K., and Cho, J. H. Screening of Korean herbal medicines used to improve cognitive function for anti-cholinesterase activity. 7 Beautiful Ways We Can Reflect on God During a Commute, Surround Yourself with the Right Team to Weather Lifes Storms. Infusions of the rhizome have been suggested for the treatment of fever; chewing the rhizome has been said to relieve irritated throats and remove the odor of tobacco. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. In terms of its medical applications, calamus has been traditionally and presently used for the following: There are some potential side effects to using this herb, particularly in large quantities, such as the following: Most of these side effects were found when concentrated and isolated chemicals from the plant, such as-asarone, were administered in test animals. EEAC increased urinary flow and dose-dependent excretion of sodium and potassium electrolytes. The blades were scattered as rushes in medieval and Renaissance establishments, by both the gentry and the serfs, and was highly prized by the churches.2 One of the charges brought by the Crown against Cardinal Woolsey was his excessive use of the rushes which had to be transported to London from Norfolk and Suffolk. Dragon's blood was used as a dye, painting pigment, and medicine (respiratory and gastrointestinal problems) in the Mediterranean basin, and was held by early Greeks, Romans, and Arabs to have medicinal properties. The American [7] Habitats include edges of small lakes, ponds and rivers, marshes, swamps, and other wetlands. Calamus might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Health benefits of apple cider vinegar include its ability toregulate blood sugar levels, boost weight loss,improve skin & gut health, & lower cholesterol levels.Read more! Life Sci. The red latex of the Sangre de Drago (called Sangre de Grado in Peru), from any of seven species of Croton native to Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Brazil, has purported wound-healing and antioxidant properties, and has been used for centuries by native people. is mediated through calcium channel blockade. [7]. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. Taking calamus along with medications used for lowering high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low. The rachis is the rest of the shaft after the calamus. What is Calamus? Your source for reliable herbal medicine information. from $6.99 Volume: Quantity: Add To Cart The oil of consecration. Although this has not been shown in humans, calamus might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. General Editor. Taking calamus along with some medications that are broken down by the liver can increase the effects and side effects of these medications. Quills from the left wing were favoured because the feathers curve outward and away from a right-handed writer. Last updated on May 22, 2023. View abstract. Only the five outer wing feathers (follicles) were considered suitable for writing; the second and third were especially preferred. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. In most cases, it is mentioned in the context of being a fragrant plant or one used in making incense. [5][6] In Europe, it flowers for about a month in late spring or early summer, but does not bear fruit. Phytother Res 2006;20(12):1080-1084. J Ethnopharmacol. and Acorus americanus (Raf.) Aqil, F., Ahmad, I., and Owais, M. Evaluation of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity and synergy of some bioactive plant extracts. Naturwissenschaften 1975;62(12):576-577. Collection of oils from leaves during the late summer months proved to be more fruitful.Parki 2017 Protection against irradiation-induced DNA strand breaks and chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity has been attributed to antioxidant activity.Hazra 2007, Ilaiyaraja 2011, Kumari 2009, Sandeep 2010, Sandeep 2010, Sandeep 2012 Induced senescence in colorectal cancer cells and upregulation of capases have also been described as mechanisms by which the extracts may decrease proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.Antony 2017, Liu 2013, Zou 2012 Activity has been attributed to beta-asarone, sesquiterpenoids, and the lectin content of the plant.Bains 2005, Hao 2012, Rajput 2014 One study showed that A. calamus extract effectively inhibited proliferation and viability, induced apoptosis, and suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor A expressions in prostate LNCaP cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.Koca 2018 In another study, an aqueous rhizome extract of A. calamus showed in vitro anticancer activities based on apoptosis and decreased cell viability in all cancer cell lines tested.Nakkala 2018 Another study resulted in lower tumor volume and lower areas of metastases in the lungs, reflecting antitumor and antimetastatic effects.Lopantina 2017 These results were accompanied by a decrease in the numbers of CD326+ and CD274+ cells in the tumor node. It is gathered by breaking off the layer of red resin encasing the unripe fruit of the rattan. Corrections? Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Calamus or Quill : (Pronounced KAL-e-mes) The large hollow portion of the shaft that attaches the feather to the bird's skin or bone. Resins that come from different species and different continents have been given the name dragons blood, but their purity, appearance, and chemical properties are highly varied.[4]. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. Calamus might reduce blood pressure. This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. Anti-Candida properties of asaronaldehyde of Acorus gramineus rhizome and three structural isomers. Calamus is a plant. This resin was traded to ancient Europe via the Incense Road. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Calamus (Acorus calamus, Acoraceae), also known as sweet flag, is an aquatic plant, often found in marshes, reminiscent of a cat-tail, with reed-like stems, sword-shaped leaves and long-branched, cigar-shaped rhizomes often immersed in mud, that prefers full sun. Adverse effects (emmenagogic and genotoxic activity) have been documented. 2014;28(18):1454-66. 2-25-2004;52(4):776-780. It is used internally for chest pains, post-partum bleeding, internal traumas and menstrual irregularities. vulgaris or var. Ecclesiastes 3:11 #flowers #nature #flower #photog." Melekh Calamus on Instagram: "He has made everything beautiful in its time. Acorus calamus is derived from the Greek words "koros," meaning a plant with aromatic rhizomes or iris, and "klamos," meaning cane or reed.Olas 2018, Rajput 2014 The fragrant underground portion (the rhizome) has been used medicinally since Biblical times. [9], In folk medicine, dragon's blood is used externally as a wash to promote healing of wounds and to stop bleeding. [20][27][29], Calamus leaves and rhizomes contain a volatile oil that gives a characteristic odor and flavor. Some sedative medications include clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), and others. View abstract. Our articles are evidence-based and contain scientific references, fact-checked by experts. [4][33] Although limits on consumption in food or alcoholic beverages (115 micrograms per day) were recommended in a 2001 ruling by the European Commission, the degree of safe exposure remained undefined. In ancient China, little or no distinction was made among the types of dragon's blood from the different species. Some medications used for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions also affect these chemicals. 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The Greeks used it to treat eye disease, from whence the plant gets its name; akore is the Greek word for without pupil. [4] Major components of the oil are beta-asarone (as much as 75%), methyl isoeugenol (as much as 40%) and alpha-asarone, saponins, lectins, sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and steroids. Gerard notes "It prospereth exceeding well in my garden, but as yet beareth neither flowers nor stalke". View abstract. Some of these medications for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions include pilocarpine (Pilocar and others), donepezil (Aricept), tacrine (Cognex), and others. The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils. Subchronic toxicity of Acorus gramineus rhizoma in rats. Although this has not been shown in humans, calamus might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. Study of antiepileptic effect of extracts from Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Both Dracaena and Calamus resins are still often marketed today as dragon's blood, with little or no distinction being made between the plant sources; however, the resin obtained from Calamus has become the most commonly sold type in modern times, often in the form of large balls of resin. [5][40] There is at least one tetraploid ornamental cultivar known; it is usually called 'Variegatus',[41] but the RHS recommends calling it 'Argenteostriatus'. Calamus might increase certain chemicals in the brain, heart, and elsewhere in the body. Dragon's blood is a bright red resin which is obtained from different species of a number of distinct plant genera: Calamus spp. angustatus Besser. The comprehensive taxonomic analysis in the Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families from 2002 considers all three forms to be distinct varieties of a single species. Longer exposure at higher doses produced a more clinically important cytotoxic effect.Rahamooz Haghighi 2017 In rodents, both alpha- and beta-asarone have been shown to be mutagenic.Rajput 2014, Extracts of A. calamus show antagonism of the calcium channel and effects on the nitric oxide pathway. Pratap, S., Kumar, P., Reddy, D., and Reddy, M. Toxicity studies of selected indian medicinal plants against house fly, Chrysomiya & Culex quinquifasciatus (MAPS-P-412). Examination of the DNA has shown that this calamus is the oldest living lineage of the monocots.2. See more. In Europe, calamus decoctions were used to treat indigestion, flatulence, and acidity.3 Calamus has been included in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years, and the Vedic seers held it in high esteem.4. Acorus calamus (sweet flag) occurs in the wetlands of North America and from India to Indonesia. [35], The young stalks can be pulled when under 30cm (12in); the inner stems can be eaten raw. Results suggest tatanan A inhibits flavivirus genus replication through a mechanism independent of activation of glucokinase. It is a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae, in the genus Acorus. The word itself is thought to have been derived from the word (kri), which means pupil (of an eye), because of the juice from the root of the plant being used as a remedy in diseases of the eye ('darkening of the pupil'). Electrophoresis 2005;26(4-5):943-946. View abstract. under IRS section 501(c)(3). With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age. Int Immunopharmacol 2003;3(1):53-61. Hu, B. Y. and Ji, Y. Y. It has an aromatic smell, and when its knotted stalk is cut and dried and reduced to powder, it forms an ingredient in the most precious perfumes. One study reports 3 neonates died following complications of vasambu consumption. Vijayapandi P, Annabathina V, SivaNagaSrikanth B, et al. Part 189 - Substances Prohibited From Use in Human Food. americanus is found in northern subarctic North America and scattered disjunct areas throughout the Mississippi Valley, and furthermore diploids are also found in Mongolia, central Siberia (Buryatia), GilgitBaltistan in Pakistan (claimed by India) and northern Himachal Pradesh in India. Katyal J, Sarangal V, Gupta YK. Heng, Li (), Guanghua, Zhu (); and Bogner, Josef; Index de la flore vasculaire de la Runion; United States Food and Drug Administration, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T168639A43116307.en, "Nomina generica, quae Characterem essentialem vel habitum plantae exhibent, optima sunt", https://www.gutenberg.org/files/33654/33654-h/33654-h.htm, https://archive.org/stream/libellusdereherb00turn#page/n36/mode/1up, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027130, http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=2309, http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=30524, http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=77936&PTRefFk=8000000, http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/hort/intro_flora_australia.pdf, http://www.tela-botanica.org/eflore/BDNFM/2006.01/nn/118, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=100307, http://triscience.com/General/dispersal-by-indians-a-factor-in-the-extension-of-discontinuous-distribution-of-certain-species-of-native-plants/doculite_view, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=acorus+calamus, "Cytological Study on Acorus L. in Southwestern China, with Some Cytogeographical Notes on A. calamus", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, "Substances Generally Prohibited From Direct Addition or Use as Human Food: Calamus and its derivatives", "Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the presence of beta-asarone in flavourings and other food ingredients with flavouring properties", "Acorus calamus. But the plant and its derivative products have been prohibited in certain countries, including the United States, for concerns over its carcinogenic effects. Rattan is integrated in woodlots for its edible fruits and poles/canes for handicraft. Calamus might increase levels of certain chemical in the body that work in the brain, heart, and elsewhere. Both alpha- and beta-asarone showed mutagenicity in most studiesRajput 2014; feeding studies from the late 1960s provide evidence of the mutagenic potential of these compounds.Gholkar 2013, Khan 2010, Rajput 2014 Male rats treated with beta-asarone at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight exhibited moderate reproductive toxicity based on moderate amounts of degenerative changes in testis, reduced sperm count levels, and an increase in sperm count morphology.Benny 2017 Additionally, hormonal imbalances of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were present, suggesting spermatogenesis interference. The Zeliangrong tribe of Manipur, India has used A. calamus for treatment of cough, headache, jaundice, gastritis, and stomachache, and to drive out evil spirits.Panmei 2019 A. calamus has also been used most often for cough by the Irula tribes in the Walayar valley of India.Venkatachalapathi 2018 Calamus has been promoted on the internet as a hallucinogen. Updates? Avoid use. Beta-asarone extracts showed slightly better improvement in H. diminuta infection compared with crude extracts from the plant.Nath 2016, In animal and in vitro studies, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of A. calamus extracts were attributed to observed neuroprotective, analgesic, and wound-healing properties. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric, mainly due to its compound curcumin, is responsible for weight loss. 7 Short but Mighty Lessons from the Book of James, When it Comes to Miracles, God Does it His Way. Clinical studies of calamus use for any indication are lacking due to concerns of toxicity (see Toxicology). Contraindications have not been identified, but use in the United States is prohibited. [4] Phytochemicals in the plant vary according to geographic location, plant age, climate, species variety, and plant component extracted. Calamus definition, the sweet flag, Acorus calamus. (Acoraceae) against experimentally induced cestodiasis in rats. It doesn't have any barbs on it. He describes the Syrian variety as having a particularly fine scent which attracts people even from a long way offInside the tube there is a sort of cobweb which is called the flower, the plant containing most of this is the best. leaves extracts. The Hebrew word for "calamus" is "kanah bosm," which is plural. Voyagers to the Canary Islands in the 15th century obtained dragon's blood as dried garnet-red drops from Dracaena draco, a tree native to the Canary Islands and Morocco. It actually contains no opiates, and has only slight psychoactive effects, if any at all. The diploid plant grows in North America and is beta-asarone free. Calamus rhizome is central to the Ayurvedic medical system as an aromatic, stimulant, bitter tonic, and expectorant, and has been used as an emmenagogue. [14], A study on oral toxicity of the DC resin methanol extract taken from the perennial tree Dracaena cinnabari was performed on female Sprague Dawley rats in February 2018. Before taking clamus, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking any medications that are changed by the liver. The leaves are bright green and sword shaped, with wavy margins that thicken in the middle. Consult a medical practitioner for health problems. Animal and/or in vitro data describe antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardiovascular effects, as well as activities in epilepsy, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. [34], Although calamus has been used for its fragrance and ingested, it has not been studied by rigorous clinical research. Scientifically known as Acorus calamus [1]thestems, leaves, and roots of this herb have been used in both Chinese and Indian traditional medicine practices. Specifically, it's a long-stemmed vine that looks a little like bamboo. About this item . In Ayurvedic medicine, A. calamus undergoes "sodhana," a process of detoxification. The barbs at the base of the vane are Read More Clinical studies are lacking (see Toxicology). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The resin is exuded from its wounded trunk or branches. Clinical studies are lacking due to concerns of toxicity. Mutagenicity attributed to various extracts and chemical constituents has been reported. Quill pens made from feathers of the eagle, owl, hawk, and turkey have also been used. The ancient Egyptians rarely mentioned the plant in medicinal contexts, but it was certainly used to make perfumes. It is a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae, in the genus Acorus. Interlocking barbules are clearly seen in the middle image. 2-16-2001;68(13):1567-1573. Rajput SB, Shinde RB, Routh MM, Karuppayil SM. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. It was not a native of Palestine, but was imported from Arabia Felix or from India. Dragon's blood, powdered pigment or apothecary's grade and roughly crushed incense, extracted from Calamus draco. A semi-erect spadix emerges from one side of the flower stem. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. View abstract. Epilepsia 2005;46 Suppl 1:21-24. Omissions? MLS# 3464383. View abstract. Some medications that decrease stomach acid include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid). Title 21. Anthelmintic activity of a standardized extract from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn. Depending on the extraction method and fractions used, vasodilation and constriction and partial depressant effects on coronary flow and heart rate have been demonstrated in rats and in isolated heart studies.Shah 2009, Shah 2012, Anticholinesterase activity has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal studies, which may have implications for the management of Alzheimer disease.Oh 2004, Vijayapandi 2012 Studies have shown that beta-asarone and extracts of A. calamus exert antidepressant effects and improve cognitive function in rats with induced stress-related depression.Dong 2010, Geng 2010, Sundaramahalingam 2013, Tripathi 2010 Older studies and traditional uses suggest a sedative effect.Rajput 2014 Oral treatment with aqueous extracts derived from A. calamus roots prevented memory deficits and stress through controlled oxidative stress and inflammation processes in male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76(1):73-76. Other species are distributed in temperate areas in Asia and Europe, where they are often found at pond margins or along fast-moving streams. [4][37][38] Sweet flag was and is used as an herbal medicine by the Chipewyan people. Take you also to you principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, thee principal. View abstract. Pharmacol Res 2005;52(6):467-474. In Asia, it also fruits sparingly, and propagates itself mainly by growth of its rhizome, forming colonies. shawm, (from Latin calamus, "reed"; Old French: chalemie ), double-reed wind instrument of Middle Eastern origin, a precursor of the oboe. Rachis or Shaft: (Pronounced RAY-kiss) The long, slender central part of the feather that holds the vanes. According to Pliny, the plant grew in Arabia, Syria, and India, with Syria having the superior quality. Ayurvedic medicine claims that it has a special affinity for the throat and the Vishuddha . Tropism: Calamus root has an affinity for the mind and senses, the nerves, the stomach, duodenum and biliary passages, the liver, and the smooth muscles of the GI tract. Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. Y., Yun, B. S., and Hwang, B. K. Antifungal activity of beta-asarone from rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. (See CANE .). [17], There are three cytotypic forms distinguished by chromosome number: a diploid form (2n=24), an infertile triploid form (2n=36), and a tetraploid form (see below). Bjrnstad K, Helander A, Hultn P, Beck O. Bioanalytical investigation of asarone in connection with Acorus calamus oil intoxications. Aii; 1538; in Jackson, Benjamin Daydon; Libellus de re herbaria novus, by William Turner, originally pub. The spadix is densely crowded with tiny greenish-yellow flowers. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. The most characteristic constituent of the oil is asarone; concentrations can vary considerably among calamus varieties. Calamus is found in damp, swampy areas. The leaves have smooth edges, which can be wavy or crimped. [25] According to the Flora of China, there is clear overlap in these characteristics and the different cytotypes are impossible to distinguish morphologically. Acorus calamus (also called sweet flag, sway or muskrat root, among many common names [3]) is a species of flowering plant with psychoactive chemicals. In New Age shamanism it is used in ceremonies in a similar way as the neopagans use it. View abstract. At the junction of the calamus and rachis is the plumulaceous portion of the vane. The plant goes by many other names, including cinnamon sedge, myrtle grass, myrtle sedge, sweet calamus, sweet cane, sweet flag, sweet root, sweet rush, sweet sedge and its botanical name, Calamus aromaticus. View abstract. Calamus aromaticus is the botanical name for the plant, also known as cinnamon sedge, myrtle sedge, myrtle grass, sweet calamus, sweet flag, sweet cane, sweet root, sweet rush, sweet sedge, and sweet sedge. [11], Today, dragons blood from a South American plant can be bought in health food stores. Finally, EEAC reduced oxalate levels and calcium in the urine and restored phosphate and uric acid levels in the serum and urine.Ghelani 2016, Limited studies in rats have shown that extracts of A. calamus, especially alpha-asarone and purified rhizome extracts, exert an anticonvulsant effect on induced seizures. [10], Thaspine from the Dragon's Blood of the species Croton lechleri has possible use as a cancer drug. Some medications changed by the liver include cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), lovastatin (Mevacor), clarithromycin (Biaxin), indinavir (Crixivan), sildenafil (Viagra), triazolam (Halcion), and many others. View abstract. [citation needed], Dragon's blood incense is also occasionally sold as "red rock opium" to unsuspecting would-be drug buyers. On a perpetual journey towards the idea of home, he uses words to educate, inspire, uplift and evolve. Unlike other so called "Holy Anointing Oils" out there, HAO Blessed Holy Anointing Oil is made to the exact specifications of God in Exodus 30:22-25 and contains ALL OILS specified in those verses.. the FINEST, therapeutic grade oils. Volume 33, Page 6967. To increase transparency to the user, we provide reference links marked by numbers in parentheses in the copy of the article. the Latin for cane, Hebrew Kaneh , mentioned ( Exodus 30:23 ) as one of the ingredients in the holy anointing oil, one of the sweet scents (Cant 4:14 ), and among the articles sold in the markets of Tyre ( Ezekiel 27:19 ). While this herb doesnt provide a cure or a lasting treatment for these complex problems, it can treat the symptoms quite effectively. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". It is thought that chemicals in calamus cause muscle relaxation and sleepiness. Anticarcinogenic activation of alpha-asarone on human carcinoma cells]. Some medications for high blood pressure include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2nd edition;2009. Avoiding use in neonates is advisable.Tanigasalam 2017. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The sweet flag can be distinguished from iris and other similar plants by the crimped edges of the leaves, the fragrant odor it emits when crushed, and the presence of a spadix.[5][6]. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Scribes and Illuminators.Medieval Craftsmen series. quill, also called Calamus, hollow, horny barrel of a bird's feather, used as the principal writing instrument from the 6th century until the mid-19th century, when steel pen points were introduced. Hum.Exp Toxicol 2006;25(4):187-194. View abstract. Calamus contains a chemical that affects the body. The vane is the normal pennaceous portion. Raf. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. It is also added to red ink to make "Dragon's Blood Ink", which is used to inscribe magical seals and talismans. We source information from studies, clinical trial findings, and meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals. The leaves are bright green and sword shaped, with wavy margins that thicken in the middle.
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