In this regard, concerned educational authorities should provide adequate assistance to teachers to enhance their technological and professional competencies. Teachers perceptions of the integration of technology were classified into two paradigms to illustrate the significance and barriers of ICT in their teaching-learning practices. Second, most teachers had to change instructional mode at least once during the year (and many experienced multiple disruptions), and having to change instructional modes was associated with an increased probability of considering leaving or retiring. teaching, the profession of those who give instruction, especially in an elementary school or a secondary school or in a university. Edu. When we feel any kind of negative emotion, our perspectives narrow, and we spin in repetitive conflict cycles, reacting and subconsciously creating more negative emotion. Journal of the European Economic Association. doi: 10.1080/03004279.2021.1931917, Watson, J. H., and Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. In low-income countries, the high social gap between teachers and students may reduce teacher empathy and motivation to work with their students. In order to ensure cultural integrity, data were analysed independently by two colleagues in each context. (2021). J. 1 Science Education, Faculty of Education, Naresuan University, Thailand, Corresponding author: sirinapaki@nuacth . Don't have a meeting just because it is on the calendar. The chapter is further divided into six sections; the first section provides details on facilities available in schools and their working conditions; second section elucidates on the characteristics of teaching practices and aptitude; the third section discusses the extent of teacherstudent interactions; fourth section discusses various factors affecting teaching abilities; the fifth section deals with perceptions of teachers; while the last section summarizes the major findings of the chapter. Our time with these teachers made us believe in our ability to take on academic challenges, building a base of confidence that we would draw on throughout our lives. University News, 43(18). Attitudes and knowledge of clinical staff regarding people who self-harm: a systematic review. Edu. To bridge this growing inequality in learning, we must design support for teachers to nurture the belief that all students can learn. Inform. The correct use of such materials not only assists them in making their prospective concepts clear but also boosts their academic achievement. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. Our mission is to conduct in-depth, nonpartisan research to improve policy and governance at local, national, and global levels. Edu. There is a strong perception among teachers and other stakeholders that students from disadvantaged economic and social backgrounds cannot learn as well. Hence, improving the quality of teaching and its process may be one of the effective means of raising pupil achievement levels. For instance, Ullah and Ali (2021) found that amid COVID-19, students from elite private schools in the urban areas received an online learning advantage over the students from public schools in the rural areas due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and competent teachers. ABSTRACT. Their strategies include listening and responding to emotional as well as intellectual needs, and providing a great deal of encouragement and support, along with clear expectations and reasonable goals for each learner. Here's a powerful example. (2021b), where teachers reported that they dont find enough time to make the efficient use of ICT in raising their instructional practices effectiveness. In particular, teachers perspectives on learning often emphasize three ideas, and sometimes even take them for granted: (1) curriculum content and academic achievement, (2) sequencing and readiness, and (3) the importance of transferring learning to new or future situations. Perspective helps us see the world from others' points-of-view. Student performance prediction based on blended learning. J. Dist. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. While in-person teachers (15%) were less likely than those teaching fully remote (23%) or hybrid (26%) to report that they considered leaving or retiring because of COVID-19, a higher proportion of in-person teachers (27%) reported having considered leaving or retiring for other reasons than fully remote or hybrid teachers (14% and 18%, respectively). If she cannot or will not do so (whatever the reason may be), then in a very real sense this failure is not the childrens responsibility. Digital for Google Slides perspective taking and social skills SEL activities for teens, middle school and high school students. Rather than tell the teacher he needs to work on his classroom management, help the teacher gain control of the classroom by being there and identifying and dealing with the ring leaders (you know who they are because they do the same in every class, but the teacher may not know that). In this inquiry, 25 publications were included that were selected by specifying the different types of search terms, such as teachers perceptions, beliefs, usage, and attitudes toward ICT integration, and encountered challenges in their application. Lastly it is challenging to develop assignments and assessment mechanisms that are consistent with complex reasoning. ISSN: 2041-3246. Secondary school teachers concerns about ICT integration: perspectives from a developing part of the globe. Teaching is a constantly evolving profession with new demands making the job more complex and challenging (Day 2000; European Commission 2007; Larrivee 2000). They can share these feelings in an open discussion with the class or in small groups, which helps them to have a deeper understanding of what the character may have experienced during that time period. Beliefs can be deep rooted and hard to shift, but when teachers succeed in the classroom, that can also shift their beliefs on what students can achieve. doi: 10.12973/ejmste/81058. That is, assessment has been used mainly for monitoring and accountability. When students walk in on Monday morning, offer subjects in a different order, wear your clothes backward, or create mottos or nicknames to use for the week based on an attribute of each student. 17, 116. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the schooling of public and private school students in Pakistan. The reviewed articles of the study also confirm that ICT usage in teaching and learning practices boosts teachers competencies in several aspects. YCF supports the goals of the broader . By doing this, we will be able to revisit and readjust, if necessary, our own assumptions and pre-conceived notions about teaching and learning. However, there are many factors in developing countries, including Pakistan, such as; lack of ICT infrastructure (Akram et al., 2021a), electricity and internet (Akram et al., 2021b), technological knowledge and expertise (Asad et al., 2020), and lack of teacher training in educational institutions (Abbasi et al., 2021), that badly affects the successful usage of ICT in classrooms. These lessons featured 258 teachers teaching 4 th and 5 th grades in six school districts that mainly serve minority . Technology adoption and integration in teaching and learning at public and private universities in punjab. In the early days of the pandemic, I experienced the five stages of school closure the same way as many others: Confusion. P. Anjana (Singapore: Springer), 189210. According to Denyer and Tranfield (2009), the systematic review technique entails these five phases: Phase-1: structuring questions/objectives, Phase-3: Selecting and evaluating prior studies, Phase-4: Analyzing and synthesizing prior findings. In this situation, even good students will actively try to undermine the teacher. Nurturing teachers often give too much of themselves and burn out quickly or neglect other important work. Apprenticeship perspective teachers view themselves as coaches who not only build skills but also transform learners identities to acculturate them into a profession. The reviewed articles have revealed various bright sides of integrating ICT into our educational practices. When teachers speak of learning, they tend to emphasize whatever is taught in schools deliberately, including both the official curriculum and the various behaviors and routines that make classrooms run smoothly. They have to embed these educational goals into the curricula they teach, and to do their job well, teachers need to be aware of their own perceptions and beliefs, feel that they are supported to carry out their plans and goals, and have the motivation to develop new pedagogies to improve their practice (e.g., Liu & Tan, 2015; Tan, 2003 ). During the COVID-19, when face-to-face learning opportunities were interrupted due to schools closure, the integration of ICT via social media platforms helped learners to continue their learning activities (Jogezai et al., 2021). In a landmark review of more than 30 years of research, Jussim and Harber (2005) find that while the original study may be overstating its results, teacher expectations do impact students, and this can be particularly strong for students from stigmatized groups. Ajmal, M., Arshad, M., and Hussain, J. For instance, Shah et al. From the perspective of education policy, however, it is even more relevant to look at the impact on teachers' beliefs, practices and . Open Uni. Our results highlight three potential problem areas. Gardner, H. (1999). He was bouncing out of his seat without permission, interrupting instruction as he conversed with students around him. They are interested in assessing their learner needs and then finding linkages from where the learners are to where they want them to be. Insights into variation in teachers pedagogical relationship with ICT: a phenomenographic exploration in the Pakistani higher education context. Recent research in economics to understand school effectiveness (here and here) in the United States find that schools that develop a culture that assumes all students can learn at high levels are best at raising the achievement of students from marginalized backgrounds. Oxford: Pergamon. doi: 10.28945/4784, Akram, H., Yingxiu, Y., Al-Adwan, A. S., and Alkhalifah, A. EVERFI empowers educators to bring real-world learning into the classroom and equip students with the skills they need for successnow and in the future. Correspondingly, Pakistan has also recognized the importance of ICT in education, and the national educational policies have proved that the government has special concerns about integrating ICT into the teaching-learning practices to meet the global needs (Pakistan Ministry of Education, 2018). This approach is commonly known as an efficient way to reduce the number of sources and qualitatively analyze the features of the documents (Onwuegbuzie et al., 2012). Technol. Office of educational technology. EVERFI offers free digital character education resources designed to equip students with skills like empathy, leadership, conflict resolution, self-awareness, and resilience. After each student has recorded his or her view, talk about these changed views, relating this activity to a frustration or a stuck thought or feeling. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Front. Impact of technological pedagogical content knowledge on teachers digital proficiency at classroom in higher education institution of Pakistan. Non-Discrimination | It is, therefore, important to get a better understanding of the factors that explain the increase in teachers considerations to leave so that we might find ways to better support teachers during these challenging times. The analysis disclosed a considerable expansion of the number of articles in relation to the technology integrated teaching-learning practices over the last 5 years. Furthermore, to increase the transparency of the findings, each step of the systematic review was explained precisely (Saunders et al., 2012). District Strategies to Master Financial Literacy Mandates. A side effect of thinking of learning as related only to curriculum or academics is that classroom social interactions and behaviors become issues for teachersbecome things that they need to manage. Supporting excellence in learning and teaching at Tufts University, By Donna Qualters, Director, Center for the Enhancement of Learning and Teaching (CELT). The major findings and methodology of this model have been presented in the paper entitled Factors Affecting Teaching Abilities, Practices and MotivationEvidences from Senior Secondary Schools in Delhi at 2nd International Conference on Education (ICEDU) organized by TIIKM held in Bangkok, Thailand during 2122 April, 2016. (2021). There are things to consider with this perspective. In addition, Abbasi et al. The data from the selected articles was analyzed by means of content analysis, which is a rigorous approach used to analyze prior documents such as official reports, books, and publications. 9, 169184. The Oxford English Dictionary defines perspective as: "A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view." Lastly, they can find themselves constantly defending their perspective against colleagues criticism. Were often asked at CELT What is good teaching? While the literature speaks to characteristics and practices of good teachers, much of the assessment of teaching has to do with the match between the learners and instructors perspectives of the role of teacher. For this perspective to be judged effective, learners must come to believe that the guiding ideals are as important to them as they are to the teacher. In contrast, the reviewed articles inform that teachers dont find adequate time to perform all the pedagogical tasks required to integrate ICT in their educational practices, such as lesson planning, making notes, or lectures. Finding the right way to stimulate thinking and engage a learner is very difficult. Learn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). All rights reserved. In contrast, the mode of instruction did not appear to relate to teachers considerations of leaving or retiring. Dev. (2021). Furthermore, the findings by Aslam et al. 2021:988493. doi: 10.1177/0020720920988493, Lin, Y. S., Chen, S. Y., Su, Y. S., and Lai, C. F. (2017). 12:736522. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736522, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Ali, Z., Gongbing, B., and Mehreen, A. The rapid expansion of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has transformed learners into digital learners, requiring teachers to integrate technology into their pedagogical approaches, where teachers attitudes, technological knowledge, and skills play a significant role in its effective integration. According to Wuttke and Seifried (2017, following Shulman, 1986, 1987 ), the necessary competency of the teacher to deal effectively with errors consists of three facets: (1) Knowledge about domain-specific errors by students: Teachers must be able to identify students' errors and to know about typical errors by students and their causes ( Wuttk. Teachers' Perspective on Strategy for Teaching English Vocabulary to Young Learners Authors: Rahma Deni Fahriany Fahriany Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta Abstract. As you begin to implement the muscle of perspective, greet students at the door with a directive to move to a certain area in the room so that each student is seeing a different view. (Pratt and Associates, 1998) This chapter will introduce those five perspectives, namely: Transmission, Developmental, Apprenticeship, Nurturing, and Social Reform. In addition, ICT incorporated teaching-learning practices also enable learners to stay connected with their instructors and peers (via various social media platforms), help students resolve their academic challenges and keep them participating actively in the learning activities (Liu Z. et al., 2021). Lesson learned: Teachers resent being pulled away from their daily work of improving their effectiveness as a teacher for trivial or unproductive reasons. Figure 3. The papers out of the scope were excluded based on the publication time, location, and domain, and finally, 25 articles were selected. Note that this traditional meaning, of readiness as preparedness, focuses attention on students adjustment to school and away from the reverse: the possibility that schools and teachers also have a responsibility for adjusting to students. Center on Opportunity and Social Mobility, 3 Principles for Tackling the Right Problems in Education, What Is Educational Ethics? As their beliefs define their pedagogical decisions on how to integrate technology within their instructional practices that support the teaching and learning needs of the twenty first century (Tondeur et al., 2017). First, a larger proportion of those approaching retirement age reported having considered leaving or retiring because of COVID-19, which could be problematic if schools begin to lose their more-experienced teachers. In a Global School Leader survey, we find that in schools where leaders do believe that students can learn, 54 percent of teachers also share this belief, compared with 37 percent of teachers that hold high expectations when the school leader does not. From my experiences, these three practices might assist us in approaching relationships, instruction, and even assessments with a novel working lens and increased learning. Rafi, M., JianMing, Z., and Ahmad, K. (2019). Effective instruction: An empirical basis for a theory of educational effectiveness. By knowing teachers experiences and perceptions, this study would help teachers make the best use of ICT in teaching and learning activities by sorting out the challenges and assisting concerned authorities in formulating policies accordingly. This confirms a comprehensive World Bank survey of 16,000 teachers from eight low- and middle-income Latin American, African, and Asian countries, which found that a substantial portion of teachers believe they cant help students who start out below grade level or come from troubled homes (Figure 1). Therefore, teachers should assign various communicative and group discussion tasks to learners to optimize their communication with their instructors and classmates to enhance their understanding and resolve certain issues. In the world inhabited by teachers, even more than in other worlds, making learning fun is certainly a good thing to do, but making learning useful as well as fun is even better. Combining enjoyment and usefulness, in fact, is a gold standard of teaching: we generally seek it for students, even though we may not succeed at providing it all of the time. SEL skills, students can build the foundation for being a good student, worker, and citizen and strengthen their skills in self-management, self-awareness, relationships with others, and social awareness. Res. Findings are presented according to the 16 sub-categories and discussed in. Don't ignore them. In those early days, parents were terrified that our kids would be at risk and most of us were willing to take the need for school closures at face value. doi: 10.1108/AEDS-08-2020-0189, Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., and Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2018) advocated that cloud computing facilitates students learning efficiently with better adaptability in a cost-effective way. It may seem to you that teachers are whining and complaining about little things, but sometimes a little thing makes the difference and gives the teachers an edge on being able to reach the students more effectively. J. Hua, "Construction Path of Academic English Learning Environment in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Education Ecology," Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. School effectiveness and quality improvement: Quality teaching in Nigerian secondary schools. Distance learning in engineering education: Challenges and opportunities during COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Pakistan. Teachers with a transmission perspective have a substantial commitment to content mastery and believe that the process of learning is additive. Assis. The application of technology in educational practices is not a new phenomenon in developed countries. In contrast, in March 2021, 69% of teachers reported they expected to work as a teacher until retirement, while 9% reported they did not expect to, and 22% said they did not know. The systematic review affirms that teachers exhibit adequate acceptance of ICT in the teaching-learning practices and assist learners in acquiring learning objectives in several ways, which is why inevitable at all educational levels. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=153, productive (speaking) vocabulary of 5,000- 8,000 words, teacher answers childrens questions when possible, child understands and uses complete sentences, teacher encourages child to find out more through other means in addition to asking teacher, childs questions tend to be relevant to the task at hand, teacher asks questions designed to elaborate or expand childs thinking, childs correctly using most common grammatical constructions, teacher highlights letters and sounds in the classroom, child can match some letters to some sounds, teacher provides lots of paper and marking tools, child can string a few letters together to make a few simple words, teacher assists child with initial writing of letters, child can tell and retell stories, poems, and songs, teacher encourages children to enact stories, poems, and songs. Make sure that your teachers not only have the necessary tools, but that they are trained on how to use them best to instruct students and to manage their classroom, before you require them to produce with them. Campbell, J., Kyriakides, L., Muijs, D., & Robinson, W. (2004). Ensuring that all students have teachers like Ms. Darrow and Ms. Lewis with high expectations for their students success will require a totally fresh perception of students intelligence and ability. What does it have to do with teaching, leadership, and learning? Bargaining. J. If youre interested in more, check out his web site http://www.teachingperspectives.comwhere you can take the Teaching Perspective Inventory and discover your perspective on teaching. Regarding the benefits of technology use at the secondary school level, Asif et al. In other words, we will continually improve the educational climate for our students. In addition, teachers attitudes are considered a crucial determinant that reflects their behaviors in applying technologies in their pedagogical practices by responding positively or negatively based on their experiences (Abbasi et al., 2021). Make it crystal clear in every newsletter, blog, faculty meeting, and message. So how can we ensure inclusivity is at the forefront of our daily instruction? Int. One of the missions at St. Mary's School in Canandaigua, NY is to provide opportunities for students to engage in meaningful activities that promote their learning as well as strengthen their faith. To see how teachers attitudes may have changed through the pandemic, we compare the March 2021 data to responses to a pre-pandemic survey of 5,464 teachers administered mid-February to mid-March 2020. Tech. Teachers prefer those technological applications that align with their pedagogical strategies and existing beliefs about teaching and learning practices. (2021). There are no words to describe how excited he was as he crafted a perfect message to my undergraduate student, forgetting his bad mood and his "felt" opposition toward me and toward the class. However, making teaching most effective is not just a one-dimensional term as it depends upon a number of ways in which other resources work in combination. This change was due to a reduction in the percentage of teachers reporting a zero probability of leaving and a corresponding increase in the percentage reporting chances above 50%. The study by Habib et al. The YCF is a year-long program designed to empower high school students to take action on ocean and environmental issues and bring their perspectives on these issues to NOAA leadership. Finally, COVID-19 health concerns were also associated with an increased probability of considering leaving. It is, therefore, essential for concerned authorities to play a supportive role by organizing training programs to strengthen technological skills among teachers. Furthermore, to investigate the integration of ICT in teaching practices, the terms such as integration, usage, incorporation, and adoption were used to acquire more specific results. In particular, having dozens of students in one room makes it more likely that I, as a teacher, think of learning as something that either takes concentration (to avoid being distracted by others) or that benefits from collaboration (to take advantage of their presence). In addition, the application of ICT in classrooms provides a motivating environment for students and keeps them engaged in educational activities (Jogezai et al., 2018). (2020). The purpose of this study is to investigate how of a group of prospective teachers' beliefs and perceptions about teaching (as a profession) change as they complete a teacher education. Phase-5: Using and reporting the results. Its effective integration help in meeting the learners educational needs by providing creative solutions to different types of learning inquiries (Rafi et al., 2019). They believe that technology-incorporated teaching assists them in enhancing their instructional practices effectively, making the learning process exciting and interactive, and keeping learners motivated. For example, personal learning communities (PLCs) are not meetings called by administrators for administrator agendas. As Pratt points out, perspectives are neither good nor bad, they are simply philosophical orientations to knowledge, learning, and the role and responsibility of the teacher. Afridi, T., and Chaudhry, A. H. (2019). Res. (2017). However, the prior studies conclude that most teachers exhibit expectant perceptions regarding ICT incorporation as a pedagogical tool in their teaching practices. doi: 10.1080/1475939X.2020.1810751, Soomro, K. A., Kale, U., Curtis, R., Akcaoglu, M., and Bernstein, M. (2020). Teaching mathematics thematically: Teachers' perspectives motivation to learn and their attitudes towards learning mathematics. The present age of the classroom requires the best teachers who can bring innovation in their instructional practices. Behaviorist principles work and must be applied in these situations -- stimulus and response. Transforming universities in interactive digital platform: case of city university of science and information technology. Teachers' Perspectives. 168:104207. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104207, Xu, Z., Yuan, H., and Liu, Q. Denyer, D., and Tranfield, D. (2009). Purpose: Despite hazardous consequences, the use of fertilizers and pesticides has been exceptionally high, mainly to increase crop yield. Click to read more. Students learn how to understand different . Eurasia J. Thus, to eliminate all obstacles, concerned educational authorities should efficiently formulate effective policies to incorporate ICT in teaching-learning practices that meet the countrys current needs and academic situations at all levels. ), What is quality in higher education?. How do we view our role as teacher and what does that mean for our teaching? 14, 112. The findings reveal that teachers exhibit positive perceptions regarding technology integration in teaching-learning practices. Recognizing the needs of the time and setting educational goals and objectives accordingly is the core responsibility of governing bodies to acquire the desired outcomes (Akram and Yang, 2021). Still another result of focusing the concept of learning on classrooms is that it raises issues of usefulness or transfer, which is the ability to use knowledge or skill in situations beyond the ones in which they are acquired.
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