Cross your legs so that the tips of your toes and the outer edge of your thighs form a single line. ), Buswell, Robert E. "The "Short-cut" Approach of K'an-hua Meditation: The Evolution of a Practical Subitism in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism". in being of service to society. This is also the standpoint of the contemporary Sanbo Kyodan, according to whom kensh is at the start of the path to full enlightenment.[154]. In, Stein, R.A. "Sudden Illumination or Simultaneous Comprehension: Remarks on Chinese and Tibetan Terminology". The word derives from the Sanskrit dhyana, meaning "meditation." Katagiri and his students built four St Zen centers withinMinneapolisSaint Paul. [49] In Chinese Chan and Korean Seon, this practice of "observing the huatou" (hwadu in Korean) is a widely practiced method. [5][170] The Chan tradition drew inspiration from a variety of sources and thus did not follow any single scripture over the others. [84] Hakuin is one Japanese Zen master who was known to create a large corpus of unique sumi-e (ink and wash paintings) and Japanese calligraphy to communicate zen in a visual way. Seon has also been transmitted to West, with new traditions such as the Kwan Um School of Zen. Hakuin goes as far as to state that the buddhat path even. [web 1]. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. "submission_caption_no_html" : "Your image caption may not contain html. [112][113] The Japanese founder of the Rinzai school, Myan Eisai (11411215) was also a well known practitioner of esoteric Buddhism and wrote various works on the subject.[114]. Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen Buddhism, an originally Chinese Mahyna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes dhyna, the meditative training of awareness and equanimity.This practice, according to Zen proponents, gives . "submission_title_no_html" : "Your submission title may not contain html. We are all children of the Buddha and come into this world endowed with St Zen is now also popular in the West. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. [126][233], However, modern scholars have seen much of the literature that presents these "iconoclastic" encounters as being later revisions during the Song era, and instead see the Hongzhou masters as not being very radical, instead promoting pretty conservative ideas, such as keeping precepts, accumulating good karma and practicing meditation. In, Gregory, Peter N. "What Happened to the "Perfect Teaching"? This is to be found in the Shobogenzon. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Its mission is: to preserve and promote the Buddhadharma through the teaching and practice of Soto Zen Buddhism in North America; to facilitate trust, respect, communication, ethical conduct, and education among the many sanghas of Soto Zen lineages and in the . [197] An external narrative is Nondualism, which claims Zen to be a token of a universal nondualist essence of religions.[199][200]. Chinese Chn, which comes from the Sanskrit word dhyna, which means [78] One influential figure in this relationship was the Rinzai priest Takuan Sh who was well known for his writings on zen and bud addressed to the samurai class (especially his The Unfettered Mind) . five precepts), patient endurance, energy or effort, meditation (dhyana), wisdom. During the Muromachi period the Rinzai school was the most successful of the schools, since it was favoured by the shgun. [53] The Zen student's mastery of a given kan is presented to the teacher in a private interview (referred to in Japanese as dokusan, daisan, or sanzen). Learn more about Zen, its origins and practices, and above all its essence. the Tathagata Chapter of the Lotus Sutra (Juryohon). 10 meter tall Great Buddha of Nagoya at the Soto Zen Buddhist Temple in Nagoya Japan built 1532 by Oda Nobuyuki. [165][note 10] Intellectual understanding without practice is called yako-zen, "wild fox Zen", but "one who has only experience without intellectual understanding is a zen temma, 'Zen devil'". ZEN in daily life; ZEN class; How to do Zazen; Video: "How to do Zazen" Manners in the Zendo; Fukan Zazengi (Universally Recommended Instructions for Zazen) Food as Practice. [54] Kan-inquiry may be practiced during zazen (sitting meditation), kinhin (walking meditation), and throughout all the activities of daily life. Taigen Dan Leighton. The Soto Zen Buddhist Association is a professional organization of Soto Zen priests. In, Gregory, Peter N. (1991a). While institutionally independent of the Japanese Stsh, the St Zen Buddhist Association works closely with it.EMPTY MOON. [19] In 1303 Gikai appointed Keizan as abbot of Daij-ji,[20] a position he maintained until 1311. Intensive group meditation may be practiced by serious Zen practitioners. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Zen-tradition developed a rich textual tradition, based on the interpretation of the Buddhist teachings and the recorded sayings of Zen-masters. Ej, like Dgen, believed in the primacy of Zen Buddhism. nd through thatlineage in an independent organization, Careers Workplace and Religion Columnists, Recreation Outdoors and Religion Columnists, Religious Music and Entertainment Columnists, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, My Three Years on the Soto Zen Buddhist Association Board, Rumis Guest House: Three Versions of ", Thinking of Edward FitzGerald and his ". For the original Chinese sect, see, Azuchi-Momoyama (15731600) and Edo (or Tokugawa) (16001868), Meiji Restoration (18681912) and Imperial expansionism, . In 1615 thebakufudeclared that Eheijis standards (kakun) must be the rule for all St monks. [103] Many mantras have been preserved since the Tang period and continue to be practiced in modern Chan monasteries. For a brief summation of the core teachings of the Soto school, we recommend the Shushogi, the Meaning of Practice & Verification, compiled out of Eihei Dogens teachings by a team of scholars led by Ouchi Seiran. [56], Nianfo (Jp. "satori," or a sudden glimpse of enlightenment. In this class we will consider Dogen Zenji's teachings on being, perception, time, activity, and suchness as guidance for our own upright and awake relationship with life, one . Daily routine was copied from Chinese practices, which went back to the Indian tradition: The elements of St practice that contributed most to the success of the school in medieval Japan were precisely the generic Buddhist monastic practices inherited from Sung China, and ultimately from India. Sawakis student and successor as abbotKsh Uchiyamawas the teacher ofShhaku Okumurawho established theSanshin Zen CommunityinBloomington, Indiana. The Linji school's Dahui Zonggao (10891163) meanwhile, introduced k'an-hua chan ("observing the word-head" chan), which involved meditation on the crucial phrase or "punch line" (hua-tou) of a gong'an. [59][60] The most widely used list of six virtues is: generosity, moral training (incl. This is not the case. "[138] The emphasis on subitism led to the idea that "enlightenment occurs in a single transformation that is both total and instantaneous"[139] (Ch. The lay organizationSanbo Kyodan, and through thatlineage in an independent organization,Robert Aitken, who had several important dharma successors, including John Tarrant. Through sitting meditation (or zazen), practitioners of Soto Zen aim to achieve. Kenji Matsuo, A History of Japanese Buddhism, Global Oriental, 2007, p. 32. The sitting place should be neat and clean. With about one hundred fully transmitted priests, the St Zen Buddhist Association now represents about 80% of Western St teachers. In 1959 Suzuki arrived in California to attend to Soko-ji, at that time the sole St temple in San Francisco. the school on meditation to achieve personal enlightment in this life [135] This picture has gained great popularity in the West in the 20th century, especially due to the influence of D.T. Soto Dgen, also called Jy Daishi, or Kigen Dgen, (born Jan. 19, 1200, Kyto, Japandied Sept. 22, 1253, Kyto), leading Japanese Buddhist during the Kamakura period (1192-1333), who introduced Zen to Japan in the form of the St school (Chinese: Ts'ao-tung). (Japanese tr. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. [86] There are also ceremonies that are specifically for the purpose of sutra recitation (Ch. Under Keizan Soto Zen began to become popular. If you go to Japan for this, you will be disappointed. Inspired in part by the Chinese practice of the Tao, Ch'an was characterized by a spontaneity and naturalness. This kind of automatic association of Dgen with this work is very much a modern development. Without focusing on any particular thing, let everything have its place in your field of vision. Your ears should be in a line parallel to your shoulders, and your nose should be in line with your navel. The Soto Zen School has two head temples. Even when scholarly monks read Dgen's writings, they usually did not lecture on them to their disciples.[3]. [25] According to Luk, this method is referred to as the "Mind Dharma", and exemplified in the story (in the Flower Sermon) of kyamuni Buddha holding up a flower silently, and Mahkyapa smiling as he understood. They This is the Mahayana or "Great Vehicle", practiced in a large part of East Asia. smaller (420 temples in Japan). [135][136] It led to a reinterpretation and Sinification of Indian meditation terminology, and an emphasis on subitism, the idea that the Buddhist teachings and practices are comprehended and expressed "sudden,"[137] c.q. Dgen's followers soon introduced such esoteric elements as prayers and incantations into the teaching.[11]. [web 8], Contemporary St-sh has four classes of temples:[50], While Eihei-ji owes its existence to Dgen, throughout history this head temple has had significantly fewer sub-temple affiliates than the Sji-ji. Place your right foot on your left thigh, and then your left foot on your right thigh. [16] Among this group were Gikai, Gien and Giin, who were to become influential members of Dgen's school.[15]. They also recite Namu-Shakyamuni-Butsu(Homage to Shakyamuni Buddha) as the main chant to praise him. Japanese Buddhism: Beliefs, history and symbols. The most important of these schools is the Hongzhou school of Mazu Daoyi (709788), to which also belong Shitou, Baizhang, and Huangbo. Albert Low: "It is evident that the masters were well versed in the sutras. Essentially what they are learning in these temples is the ability to officiate all kinds of ceremonies and rites practiced by the St School the methods for fulfilling their role. Silent Transmission and the Kung-an (Koan) Tradition". [19] These early Chinese meditation works continued to exert influence on Zen practice well into the modern era. The foundation of the Soto Zen Schools teachings is zazen. On one of those Zen pages on Facebook, in this case one focused on the Soto school someone asked for a pointer to an introductory book. The fifth patriarch Daman Hongren (601674), and his dharma-heir Yuquan Shenxiu (606?706) were influential in founding the first Chan institution in Chinese history, known as the "East Mountain school" (Dongshan famen). In 1959 Suzuki arrived inCaliforniaas minister ofSoko-ji, at that time the sole St temple inSan Francisco. and the Rinzai Zen. [125][126][127] The influence of Madhyamaka and Prajaparamita can be discerned in the stress on non-conceptual wisdom (praja) and the apophatic language of Zen literature. These anecdotes give a demonstration of the master's insight. While not directly relevant to an introduction to Soto, this article also includes a few words about Empty Moon. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. An important element in Zen ritual practice is the performance of ritual prostrations (Jp. When you finish kinhin, stop and bow. 215246. St Zen or the St school (, St-sh) is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and baku). [38] Zen teachers often promote diaphragmatic breathing, stating that the breath must come from the lower abdomen (known as hara or tanden in Japanese), and that this part of the body should expand forward slightly as one breathes. Their lineage, starting with Hakuun Yasutani, includes Taizan Maezumi, who gave dharma transmission to various American students, among them Tetsugen Bernard Glassman, Dennis Genpo Merzel disrobed in disgrace, Charlotte Joko Beck and John Daido Loori. Soto School Scriptures For Daily Services And Practice, Part Three Verses and Texts for Other Occasions 70-95, Part Four Roman Letter Transliterations 96-158. [145] Dogen, the founder of Soto in Japan, emphasized that practice and awakening cannot be separated. blum, Jp. Initially his influence soon grew. Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the tkan . nenju) itself.[87]. Keizan received ordination from Ej when he was, twelve years old, shortly before Ejs death. In 1996 the majority of North American St priestsjoined together to form theSoto Zen Buddhist Association. [239], The dominant form of Song Chn was the Linji school due to support from the scholar-official class and the imperial court. Thinking of John Wesley, and his Manifesto, and, You Don't Need to Work Harder to Soothe All of us experience fear in some way. [150] This is followed by so-called post-satori practice, further practice to attain Buddhahood. [171] Subsequently, the Zen tradition produced a rich corpus of written literature, which has become a part of its practice and teaching. A wide variety of traditions fit under these three umbrellas. During the Song, Chn was also transported to Japan by figures like Eisai and exerted a great influence on Korean Seon via Jinul. Poceski: "Direct references to specific scriptures are relatively rare in the records of Mazu and his disciples, but that does not mean that they rejected the canon or repudiated its authority. [135][note 5] This "rhetorical purity" was hard to reconcile conceptually with the actual practice of meditation,[142][135] and left little place in Zen texts for the description of actual meditation practices, apparently rejecting any form of practice. This was possibly the earliest settlement in Paris, then known as Lutetia , a muddy town on the banks of a swampy river that grew to become one of the most beautiful places in the . The Rinzai school emphasizes kensho, insight into one's true nature. "submission_caption_too_long" : "Your image caption must be a maximum of 200 characters. St Zen or the St school (, St-sh) is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and baku). [21] Thereafter he inherited the Shingon temple Shogaku-ji in 1322, renaming it Sji-ji, which was recognized as an official monastery. Shortly before the Second World War the Reverend Soyu Matsuokaarrivedfrom Japan and began to work with European and African American converts. var st_hover_widget = new sharethis.widgets.hoverbuttons(options); Dogens teaching is speaks of the practice itseld being part of Being Jewish (or any other religion) and Buddhist? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The essence of the Soto Zen School was transmitted from China, eight hundred years ago, during the Kamakura period by Koso Dogen Zenji. [218][219][220][221] In his history of Zen, Heinrich Dumoulin argued that Chan Buddhist developed out of the confluence of Indian Mahayana and Chinese Taoism. Four Dangers of the Soka Gakkai in the Light of the LS and Nichiren, Gaden Chang Chub Chling Temple in Montreal. Going hand in hand with this non-monastic clerical leadership was the emergence of a philosophical perspective calledNew Buddhism (shin bukkyo). May this document be of assistance to anyone hoping to know more about this spiritual tradition both ancient and modern, holding profound insights and presenting disciplines that reveal the true nature of our hearts. One of the significant characteristics of the Meiji reforms was the disestablishment of Buddhism. Another set of his poems on the Five Positions (Five Ranks) of Absolute and Relative is important as a set of kans in the Rinzai school. Dhras and Zen poems may also be part of a Zen temple liturgy, including texts like the Song of the Precious Mirror Samadhi, the Sandokai, the Nlakaha Dhra, and the Ua Vijaya Dhra Stra. Please return in a few days to add your submission. Sawaki is regarded as one of the greatest Zen teachers of recent times. That within five years of lifting of criminal sanction for marriage. This is because, "techniques for harmonizing the vital energy are powerful assistants to the cultivation of samadhi and spiritual insight. I taught children for 35 years and my books are a reflection of my long- term Zen practice and my work . [50] It was taught by the influential Seon master Chinul (11581210), and modern Chinese masters like Sheng Yen and Xuyun. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Jinul founded the Songgwangsa temple as a new center of Seon study and practice. as Alan Watts, Taisen Deshimaru and Roshi Suzuki. A final phase can be distinguished from the 19th century onward, when western imperialism had a growing influence in South-East Asia, including China. History of Zen in Japan Buddhism in Japan appears in the middle of the sixth century. With about 14,000 temples, St is one of the largest Japanese Buddhist organizations. Another influential Chn master of the late Tang was Xuefeng Yicun. The Establishment of the School in Japan ( Nihon Kaishu ) Another reformation was implemented by Gent Sokuch (17291807), the 11th abbot of Eihei-ji, who tried to purify the St school, de-emphasizing the use of kans. The term Zen is derived from the Japanese pronunciation of the Middle Chinese word (chn), an abbreviation of (chnn), which is a Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit word dhyna ("meditation"). Zen (called Ch'an in China) developed in Mahayana Buddhist monasteries in the 7th Century. Hongzhi Zhengjue (10911157) of the Caodong school emphasized silent illumination or serene reflection (mzho) as a means for solitary practice, which could be undertaken by lay-followers. He resisted efforts from outside to water down the tradition with other beliefs. "in one glance," "uncovered all together," or "together, completely, simultaneously," in contrast to gradualism, "successively or being uncovered one after the other. [216] Indeed, in some early Chan texts (like the Masters of the Lankvatra), it is Gunabhadra, not Bodhidharma, which is seen as the first patriarch who transmits the Chan lineage (here seen as synonymous with the Lankvatra tradition) from India. The lineage, started with Daiun Sogaku Harada, who also has a line that passes more continuously within the Soto school,and through him toHakuun Yasutani, includesTaizan Maezumi, who gave dharma transmission to various American students, among themTetsugen Bernard Glassman,Charlotte Joko BeckandJohn Daido Loori. What happens to the soul of the victims of the tsunami? The text remains a bit rough, but seemed workable enough to share here. During this period, he studied Rinzai, Shingon and Tendai. Vol.2 . [web 8]. To receive credit as the author, enter your information below. [235] An important text from this period is the Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall (952), which gives many "encounter-stories", as well as establishing a genealogy of the Chn school. [30] According to McRae, this type of meditation resembles the methods of "virtually all schools of Mahyna Buddhism," but differs in that "no preparatory requirements, no moral prerequisites or preliminary exercises are given," and is "without steps or gradations. Interview with Mr. Jason Quinn, abbot of a Zen center in Berkley, California. 713), one of the earliest Chan histories, also shows this practice was widespread in early Chan: Coming to the generation of [Hung-]jen, [Fa-]ju and Ta-tung, the dharma-door was wide open to followers, regardless of their capacities. Gasan Jseki (12751365)[27] and Meiho Sotetsu were Keizan's most prominent students. In Zen Classics: Formative Texts in the History of Zen Buddhism, edited by Steven Heine, and Dale S. Wright. I would like to become a Monk. In 1303 Gikai appointed Keizan as abbot of Daij-ji,a position he maintained until 1311. After returning to Daij-ji, Keizan received dharma transmission from Gikai in 1294, and established Joman-ji. In our everyday lives, we tend to be swayed by our selfish desires as well as by the surface of things. [240] This school developed the study of gong'an ("public case") literature, which depicted stories of master-student encounters that were seen as demonstrations of the awakened mind. generations younger than Dogen and was never patriach of Eihei-ji). The Chuan fa-pao chi (, Taisho # 2838, ca. Place the tips of your thumbs in front of your navel, and your arms slightly apart from your body. [168] It had to develop a doctrinal tradition of its own to ascertain its position[135] and to ground its teachings in a specific sutra. It is the Japanese line . During the Ming Dynasty, the Chn school was so dominant that all Chinese monks were affiliated with either the Linji school or the Caodong school. "[28][note 2] Sharf notes that the notion of "Mind" came to be criticised by radical subitists, and was replaced by "No Mind," to avoid any reifications. Do not try to control your breathing. The influence of these Taoist practices can be seen in the work of Wang Zuyuan (ca. If you would like to study it in Japan, a few temples accept foreigners. [147] Gradual cultivation was also recognized by Dongshan Liangjie. Certain arts such as painting, calligraphy, poetry, gardening, flower arrangement, tea ceremony and others have also been used as part of zen training and practice. In zazen, however, the important thing is to be free from all sorts of delusions and desires. Kapleau, P. The Three Pillars of Zen, 2013, p. 12. From China, Chn spread south to Vietnam and became Vietnamese Thin, northeast to Korea to become Seon Buddhism, and east to Japan, becoming Japanese Zen.[1]. In, Buswell, Robert E. "Ch'an Hermeneutics: A Korean View". In, McRae, John. Sanbo Kyodan was also connected to the Soen NakagawaEido Tai Shimano lineage, (disgraced), due to a personal fondness of Soen for the teaching practices of Harada roshi, who was the teacher of Hakuun Yasutani.[44]. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture - The Soto Sect and Japanese Military Imperialism in Korea, Soto - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [247], Some scholars see the post-classical phase as being an "age of syncretism. [47][48] The latter term for the Rinzai can be somewhat misleading, however, as the St school also had samurai among its rosters.[49]. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, by the time of the Fifth Patriarch Hongren (601674), the Zen school became established as a separate school of Buddhism. Which are the 192 countries Nichiren Buddhism is present in? Do not concentrate on any particular object or control your thought. priest or teacher, in 1963. Suzukis assistantDainin Katagiriwas invited to come toMinneapolis,Minnesota, where he moved in 1972 after Suzukis death. Click here to see the rest of the form and complete your submission. enlightenment. In 1337 Sotetsu was appointed as abbot of Daijo-ji. [3] Eihei-ji also promoted the study of Dgen's works, especially the Shbgenz, which changed the view of Dgen in St's history. This originated with Shakyamuni Buddha who devoted himself to the practice of zazen and subsequently attained enlightenment. For example, the 18th century Rinzai Zen master Trei Enji wrote a commentary on the Damoduoluo Chan Jing and used the Zuochan Sanmei Jing as source in the writing of this commentary. Chan is the original Zen, a school of Mahayana Buddhism founded in 6th century China. The larger majority of North American St priests[lower-alpha 3] joined together in 1996 to form the Soto Zen Buddhist Association. The fourth Japanese ancestor of the school was Taiso Keizan Zenji who was instrumental in enhancing the teachings and expanding the school. Hongzhi's writings on "silent illumination" had greatly influenced Dgen's own conception of shikantaza.[8]. monks as they deemed Dogens doctrine of sitting in meditation to 1. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The Rinzai head temples, which are most numerous, have substantial overlap with the traditional Five Mountain System, and include Myoshin-ji, Nanzen-ji, Tenry-ji, Daitoku-ji, and Tofuku-ji, among others. "submission_image_file_types" : "Your image must be a jpg or gif. [248], In the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Chn was "reinvented", by the "revival of beating and shouting practices" by Miyun Yuanwu (15661642), and the publication of the Wudeng yantong ("The strict transmission of the five Chan schools") by Feiyin Tongrong's (15931662), a dharma heir of Miyun Yuanwu. Zen master Tokusan, for example, knew the. [125], Nevertheless, Zen is often pictured as anti-intellectual. Koans (pronounced KO-ahns) are cryptic and paradoxical questions asked by Zen teachers that defy rational answers. [17] These texts include the translations of the Parthian An Shigao (147168 CE) like the Anban shouyi jing (Sanskrit: npnasmti-stra), the numerous translations of Kumrajva (334413 CE, such as the Zuochan sanmei jing (Sutra of Sitting Dhyna samdhi) and those of Buddhabhadra (like the Damoduoluo chan jing, Dharmatrta Dhyna stra). After straightening your back, relax your shoulders, back, and abdomen without changing your posture. Zen teachings can be likened to "the finger pointing at the moon". [4][lower-alpha 2], Perhaps more significantly for the Japanese brand of this sect, Dgen among others advocated the reinterpretation that the "Cao" represents not Caoshan, but rather "Huineng of Caoxi temple" (Skei En); zh:). When you do zazen, find a quiet place where you can sit without disturbances. The Japanese school was imported in the 13th century byDgen Zenji, who studiedCodng Buddhism(Chinese:;pinyin:Codng Zng) abroad in China. The Kanch has only representational functions; the real power lies with the Shmusch and his cabinet. Zen training in Oita prefecture at a temple called Tetsugyuji. The Shaolin arts also made use of Taoist physical exercises (taoyin) breathing and energy cultivation (qgng) practices. Cultivating the Empty Field: The Silent Illumination of Zen Master Hongzhi, Tuttle, 2000, p. 17. [224], Early Chn refers to early Tang Dynasty (618750) Chn. . When he was seventeen he went on a pilgrimage for three years throughout Japan. [34] From its beginnings, St-sh has laid a strong emphasis on the right lineage and dharma transmission. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism, p. 93. Baroni, Helen J. (Shushogi), Fukanzazengi (Universally Recommended Instructions for Ej started his Buddhist studies at Mount Hiei, the center of Tendai studies. [158] A review of the early historical documents and literature of early Zen masters clearly reveals that they were well versed in numerous Mahyna stras,[5][note 7][note 8][5][note 9] as well as Mahayana Buddhist philosophy such as Madhyamaka. This model has become the norm, not the exception. bonmky or Brahma Net Sutra. But Soto too spread out over Japan. Trei believed that the Damoduoluo Chan Jing had been authored by Bodhidharma. [208] The Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845 was devastating for metropolitan Chan, but the Chan school of Mazu survived, and took a leading role in the Chan of the later Tang. Corrections? incantations were introduced in the daily rituals. Shunry Suzuki played a central role in bringing St to the west. Seon () was gradually transmitted into Korea during the late Silla period (7th through 9th centuries) as Korean monks began to travel to China to learn the newly developing Chan tradition of Mazu Daoyi and returned home to establish the Chan school. Menzan promoted reforms of monastic regulations and practice, based on his reading of Dgen.
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soto school of zen buddhism
