The country is among the 25 largest gold producers in the world. Avant-Garde Prototypes", "Frida Kahlo "Roots" Sets $5.6 Million Record at Sotheby's", "Fernando Botero, el gran artista de Latinoamrica", "The life and art of famous Ecuadorian painter Oswaldo Guayasamn", "Juan Gabriel, superstar Mexican singer, dies at 66", "Latin music returns to America with wave of new pop starlets", "Daddy Yankee leads the reggaeton charge", Latin American, Caribbean, U.S. Latinx, and Iberian Online Free E-Resources (LACLI, Latin American Network Information Center, Infolatam. [57] Exports of metals and agricultural products to Europe dominate Latin American economies, with the manufacturing sector deliberately suppressed; the development of modern, industrial economies of Europe depended on the underdevelopment of Latin America. More than half of these are converts from Roman Catholicism.[180][181]. The French were expelled in 1867 and Emperor Maximilian executed by the victorious Republican forces, setting the stage for an era of stability and foreign economic investment a few years later when Porfirio Daz liberal hero of the war against the French, became president of Mexico for 30 years. In another definition, which is close to the semantic origin. This page was last edited on 29 June 2023, at 02:37. When Napoleon was defeated and the Bourbon monarchy was restored in 1814, Ferdinand VII and his conservative supporters immediately reasserted absolutist monarchy, ending the liberal interregnum. As of March 2, 2020, the population of Latin America and the Caribbean was estimated at more than 652million,[10] and in 2019, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of US$5,188,250trillion[11] and a GDP PPP of US$10,284,588trillion. [45] For some modern Latin American nation-states, the Indigenous roots of national identity are expressed in the ideology of indigenismo. [24] The conference had the title "Initiative of the America. In Spanish America, these include Panama City (1519), Mexico City (1521) Guadalajara (153142), Cartagena (1532), Cuzco (1534), Lima (1535), and Quito (1534). Latin America encompasses Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, including all of South America as well as Mexico, Central America, and islands of the Caribbean. This period is known as Venezuela's Golden Age of cinema, having massive popularity even though it was a time of much social and political upheaval. [313] In 2019, wind energy represented 9% of the energy generated in the country. Protestants are 26% in Brazil and over 40% in much of Central America. Tertiary education has the lowest coverage, with only 70% of people between the ages of 18 and 25 years outside of the education system. In Spanish America, local juntas also rejected Napoleon's brother as their monarch. Reforms included land laws that threatened the interests of large foreign-owned enterprises, a social security law, workmen's compensation, laws allowing labor to organize and strike, and universal suffrage except for illiterate women. It also increased the number of viceroyalties in Spanish South America. Latin Caribbean music, such as merengue, bachata, salsa, and more recently reggaeton, from such countries as the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Panama, has been strongly influenced by African rhythms and melodies. Brazil and Mexico both established independent monarchies in 1822. The aim of these moves was to strengthen hemispheric solidarity and security. Snchez-Albornoz, Nicols. Many thousands of remaining whites were executed on the orders of Dessalines. Briefing Paper # 95", "Brazil plans to build seven nuclear reactors", "Solar atinge 21 GW e R$ 108,6 bi em investimentos no Brasil", "Quais as melhores regies do Brasil para gerao de energia fotovoltaica? Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. The Transition Towards Electric Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean 11:00 - 13:00 Washington, D.C. Sep 05 - 07, 2023 Ninth meeting of RedCUIDAR+ | A future with care: Steps towards implementing long-term care systems 09:00 - 17:00 San Jose Oct 02 - 04, 2023 Regional Policy Dialogue 2023 | Smart Spending for Heath [88] Great Britain invested significant capital in Latin America to develop the area as a market for processed goods.[89]. Its main representatives are Jess Soto, Carlos Cruz-Diez, Alejandro Otero and Gego. In the religious sphere, the Indigenous were deemed perpetual neophytes in the Catholic faith, which meant Indigenous men were not eligible to be ordained as Catholic priests; however, Indigenous were also excluded from the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. Liberals sought a new model of government, a constitutional monarchy, with limits on the power of the king as well as on the Catholic Church. [118] U.S. President John F. Kennedy initiated the Alliance for Progress in 1961, to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America and provide $20billion for reform and counterinsurgency measures. The Catholic Church denied that this right had transferred to the new governments, and for a time the Vatican refused to appoint new bishops. Syllabi This collection of syllabi is a joint project of H-LatAm and the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH) Teaching and Teaching Materials Committee. [267] It is also the eighth largest world producer of salt. [132] In 2019, center-right Luis Lacalle Pou ended a 15-year leftist rule in Uruguay, after defeating the Broad Front candidate. The support likely came from increased oil wealth in the early 1970s, and the subsequent 1973 credit incentive policy. The new independent territories exerted their rights to establish a government, control their national territory, establish trade relations with other nations, and levy taxes. In the nineteenth century, a number of Latin American countries sought immigrants from Europe and Asia. Between 1832 and 1852, Argentina existed as a confederation, without a head of state, although the federalist governor of Buenos Aires province, Juan Manuel de Rosas, was given the power to pay debt and manage international relations, and exerted a growing hegemony over the country. It may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into Spanish America, Portuguese America, and French America.[40]. [70] The Spanish crown did not recognize new Spanish American nations' independence and sent expeditions to Mexico in failed attempts to regain control over its valuable former territory. Argentine cinema has also been prominent since the first half of the 20th century and today averages over 60 full-length titles yearly. [23], The words "Latin" and "America" were first found to be combined in a printed work to produce the term "Latin America" in 1856 in a conference by the Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao in Paris. With the Spanish monarch no longer the patron of the church, many national governments asserted their right to appoint clerics as a logical transfer of power to a sovereign state. [77] As a minor, the new Emperor could not exert his constitutional powers until he came of age, so a regency was set up by the National Assembly. Portugal's maritime expansion into the Indian Ocean was initially its main interest; but the off-course voyage of Pedro lvares Cabral in 1500 allowed Portugal to claim Brazil. "Cuba since 1959". Luster, Lesley R. "Rio Conference (1942)". It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante lvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Praia de Itaorna in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. Cuba had lost its political and economic patron, the Soviet Union, which could no longer provide support. In Brazil, coastal Indigenous peoples largely died out in the early sixteenth century, with Indigenous populations surviving far from cities, sugar plantations, and other European enterprises. The efforts ultimately failed, most notably with Che Guevara in Bolivia, where he was isolated, captured, and executed. In general, in these countries there are industries that require little capital and simple technology for their installation, such as the food processing and textile industries. Two Latin American historians, Uruguayan Arturo Ardao and Chilean Miguel Rojas Mix, found evidence that the term "Latin America" was used earlier than Phelan claimed, and the first use of the term was in fact in opposition to imperialist projects in the Americas. ", "Conservative Lacalle Pou wins Uruguay presidential election, ending 15 years of leftist rule", https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggNqQ5G8UFErmAEw71Y-u51P8_Eg?docId=CNG.e829052752a5436e909ab280ad561af6.671, "Corruption Scandals With Brazilian Roots Cascade Across Latin America", "Ex-President 'Lula' of Brazil Surrenders to Serve 12-Year Jail Term", "Another former Peruvian president is sent to jail, this time as part of growing corruption scandal", "Latin America and COVID-19: Political Rights and Presidential Leadership to the Test", "Untangling links between trade, poverty and gender", "GDP per Capita Ranking 2015 Data and Charts", "Geoba.se: Gazetteer The World Life Expectancy Top 100+ By Country (2016)", "Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia", "CIA The World Factbook Field Listing Religions", In Latin America, Catholics down, church's credibility up, poll says, "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region", "Emigrant Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: FLASCO-Chile", School Meal Programs Around the World: Results from the 2021 Global Survey of School Meal Programs, "Latin America Is the Murder Capital of the World", "A Year of Violence Sees Brazil's Murder Rate Hit Record High", "Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)", "Map: Here are countries with the world's highest murder rates", "Crime Hinders Development, Democracy in Latin America, U.S. Says US Department of State", "Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America", "Chile abortion: Court approves easing total ban", "HIV and AIDS in Latin America the Caribbean regional overview", "The Changing Face of HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean", "Miles to goclosing gaps, breaking barriers, righting injustices", "HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges", "GDP 2019, some Latin American countries", "Latin America production in 2020, by FAO", "South American countries production in 2018, by FAO", "Conhea os 3 pases que desafiam o Brasil nas exportaes de frango", "maiores exportadores de carne de frango entre os anos de 2015 e 2019", "IBGE: rebanho de bovinos tinha 218,23 milhes de cabeas em 2016", "Brasil o 3 maior produtor de leite do mundo, superando o padro Europeu em alguns municpios", "principais pases produtores de carne suna entre 2017 e a estimativa para 2019", "mcs2021 /mcs2021-gold.pdf USGS Gold Production Statistics", "Copper production statistics for the USGS", "Manganese production statistics from the USGS", "Brasil extrai cerca de 2 gramas de ouro por habitante em 5 anos", "G1 > Economia e Negcios NOTCIAS Votorantim Metais adquire reservas de zinco da Masa", "Nibio: G1 visita em MG complexo industrial do maior produtor do mundo", "Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil", "The state of mining in South America an overview", "La minera en Mxico se reiniciar la prxima semana", "Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2019", "Statistical Review of World Energy 2018", "Manufacturing, value added (current US$)", "Alimentos Processados | A indstria de alimentos e bebidas na sociedade brasileira atual", "Faturamento da indstria de alimentos cresceu 6,7% em 2019", "Indstria de alimentos e bebidas faturou R$699,9 bi em 2019", "Produo nacional de celulose cai 6,6% em 2019, aponta Ib", "Sabe qual o estado brasileiro que mais produz Madeira? Agricultural surpluses from intensive cultivation of maize in Mesoamerica and potatoes and hardy grains in the Andes were able to support distant populations beyond farmers' households and communities. Using techniques of warfare honed in their early Caribbean settlements, Corts sought Indigenous allies to topple the superstructure of the Aztec Empire after a two-year war of conquest. Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages of the region, and Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. In terms of cow's milk production, Mexico is among the 15 largest producers in the world and Argentina among the 20 largest.[221]. Some Chinese immigrants who were excluded from immigrating to the U.S. settled in northern Mexico. The crown created the Repblica de indios[es] to paternalistically govern and protect Indigenous peoples. While Latin America did join the allies, it was not without cost. With the example of the conquest of central Mexico, Spaniards sought similar great empires to conquer, and expanded into other regions of Mexico and Central America, and then the Inca empire, by Francisco Pizarro. The skies over the region are still, for the moment, mostly clear, yet the storm is coming. Latin pop, including many forms of rock, is popular in Latin America today (see Spanish language rock and roll). The Sandinistas allowed free elections in 1990 and after years of war, lost the election. Langley, Lester D. "Good Neighbor Policy". Others took the lesser step of breaking diplomatic relations. Brazil has more than 1.7million km of roads, of which 215,000km are paved, and about 14,000km are divided highways. U.S. policy-makers developed the Washington Consensus, a set of specific economic policy prescriptions considered the standard reform package for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington, D.C.-based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the US Department of the Treasury during the 1980s and 1990s.
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