Anthony Babington (24 October 1561 - 20 September 1586) was an English gentleman convicted of plotting the assassination of Elizabeth I of England and conspiring with the imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots, for which he was hanged, drawn and quartered. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. [10], Protected by diplomatic immunity, Mendoza was expelled in January 1584. View all posts by voyagerofhistory, My ancestors were involved ,the Blythes more so Gregory . Hammer, 'Catholic threat and military response'. Look out for a guest post written by Laura Adkins on Fotheringhay Castle. Babington then applied for a passport abroad, for the ostensible purpose of spying upon the refugees, but in reality to organize the foreign expedition and secure his own safety. of Spain, who ardently desired the success of an enterprise so Christian, just and advantageous to the holy Catholic faith,[1] promised to assist with an expedition directly the assassination of the queen was effected. This page was last edited on 12 June 2014, at 21:06. Babington confessed all, but placed all the blame on Ballard, who graciously admitted that he wished the spilling of his blood could save his young friend. The plot was manipulated by Walsingham in order to bring about his primary objective: the downfall of Mary, Queen of Scots. Whilst of course this is a work of fiction, its based on the very real Babington Plot, which was named after Babingtons involvement. When Mary gave her consent to the plot by replying to a letter sent to her by Babington, her days were numbered. Ballard suffered at the hands of the executioner first, undergoing terrible torture before his life was extinguished. They were executed by hanging, drawing and quartering in two batches on the 20 and 21 September. Whilst in Paris, he became involved with supporters of Mary Queen of Scots. I have a wide interest in history ranging from Wars of the Roses, country houses, Stuarts, Georgians, Louis XIV, Napoleon and criminals. The conspiracy was regarded by Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador, one of its chief instigators, and also by Walsingham, as the most dangerous of recent years; it included, in its general purpose of destroying the government, a large number of Roman Catholics, and had ramifications all over the country. Under his three guardians (his mother, Foljambe and Philip Draycot of Paynsley, Staffordshire), Babington was indebted for his education. He was their third child and eldest son. Transcript: On this day in Tudor history, 20th September 1586, Anthony Babington, John Ballard, John Savage, Chidiock Tichborne and three other conspirators were executed near St Giles-in-the-Fields in London. The family were well connected and were wealthy local landowners. This didn't go well. The execution was held at what is modern day Lincolns Inn Fields, which is a public square next to Lincolns Inn, one of the Inns of Court where barristers belong to. The Babington Plot was a plan to assassinate the protestant Elizabeth I, and put her cousin, the Roman Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne. In the Babington Plot, Ballard instigated Anthony Babington, Chidiock Tichborne and others to assassinate the Queen as a prelude to a full-blown invasion of England by Spanish-led Catholic forces. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. English priest and conspirator against Elizabeth I, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Ballard_(Jesuit)&oldid=1156931740, Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, People executed under Elizabeth I by hanging, drawing and quartering, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, People from the Borough of St Edmundsbury, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 25 May 2023, at 09:06. The conspirators were tried at Westminster Hall on 13 and 14 September 1586 and found guilty of treason and conspiracy against the Crown. On 19 September, Babington wrote to Elizabeth begging her to employ mercy and spare him. 1596 - Death of William Day, Bishop of Winchester. Several of the dreaded priest infiltrators were found by an agent named George Eliot, who had . At the time of the execution of the conspirators, it was agricultural fields outside of London. Babingtons correspondence with her eventually led to him revealing the details of the plot sealing everyones fate, including Marys. His father died in 1571 when he was nine, and his mother remarried to Henry Foljambe. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. . [4] These messages were coded to try and deter any would-be interceptors. The Babington plot. His wealth, charm and good looks soon secured him a large following around court, and it was inevitable that other Catholics, seduced by Jesuit stirrings abroad, soon formed his inner circle of friends. This sentence was passed and the guilty parties were due to be hung, drawn and quartered. The unravelling of the Babington plot was a dramatic success, but it was far from the only one. Mary, Queen of Scots, responded to Babington's letters agreeing to the plan. It has national significance, but all starts with Anthony Babington, a Derbyshire man. . Ballard suffered at the hands of the executioner first, undergoing terrible torture before his life was extinguished. On the 4th of August Ballard was seized and betrayed his comrades, probably under torture. To conceal his true identity, he played the part of a swashbuckling, courtly soldier called Captain Fortescue and was once described as wearing 'a fine cape laced with gold, a cut satin doublet and silver buttons on his hat'. This blog is a selection of interesting things I've come across during my history research. Although all three outwardly conformed to Protestantism, it is certain they were all church papists. All in all, they rounded up and condemned 14 men to death. Soon after his admission to Lincolns Inn, Babington abandoned the bar for fashionable town life. The. Messages were sent to and from Mary, who was by then being held in Chartley Hall in Staffordshire, by hiding them in the stopper of a beer barrel from Burton on Trent, which is still known for beer making. Desirous of some token of appreciation from Mary for his services, he entered into a long correspondence with her, which was intercepted by the spies of Walsingham. Indeed, Ballard's inseparable companion and fixer, Barnard Maude, who travelled everywhere with him, was a government spy. Ballard was tortured. Mary, Queen of Scots . [7] He fled to St Johns Wood, an area of woodland outside of London at the time, but is now close to Regents Park. The second conspiracy, the Babington Plot (named for conspirator Anthony Babington), was exposed in August 1586 with the aid of Walsingham's double agents and code experts, who, unbeknownst to Mary's agents, were actually supplying their means of communicating with Mary via coded letters smuggled inside a beer barrel. Ballard was executed on the first day along with the other main conspirators. She still had her entourage and spent her days sewing, reading or hunting, but . Babington, who begged Elizabeth for mercy, was tried and executed in 1586. Both plots however were formulated in France by two of Elizabeth's staunchest enemies, Paget and Morgan. However, the plot was deciphered by codebreaker, Thomas Phelippes, who worked at Chartley, and a double agent, Gilbert Gifford, who was part of Babingtons circle, but also one of Walsinghams spies. This was proved to be true at times when plots to replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots were uncovered, although the majority of Catholics just wished to worship in peace. First of all, he was a major landowner of my hometown during the late sixteenth century. Throckmorton was a relatively minor player, whose significance was to confirm the extent of Spanish involvement in seeking to overthrow Elizabeth. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com. Philip II. Early in 1580, Babington was one of a secret circle established for the protection of priests, most notably Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons. All were condemned to death for high treason. [11] Ballard was the first of the seven to be executed, followed by Babington. John Ballard was the son of William Ballard of Wratting, Suffolk. By his wife Margery, Anthony Babington had a daughter, who died at the age of eight, probably before her father. Throckmorton was placed under surveillance almost as soon as he returned to England and the plot never put into action.[4]. By this point, the plan included destroying the entire Protestant government and included many Catholics from across the country. Throckmorton was tortured with the rack, first on 16 November, to ensure he revealed as much information as possible. The manner of their deaths was so bloody and horrific that it deeply shocked those who were present at the spectacle. John Ballard, the Jesuit priest was arrested and tortured, which led to him implicating Babington and some of the other conspirators. Babington's conduct was marked by open folly and vanity. Ballard was executed on the first day along with . [citation needed] When Elizabeth was told of the suffering the men had endured on the scaffold, and its effect on the many witnesses, she is said to have ordered that the remaining seven conspirators be left hanging until they were 'quite dead' before being cut down and butchered. The plot was discovered by Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and used to entrap Mary for the purpose of removing her as a claimant to the English throne. Bess Throckmorton (1565-1647) secretly married Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618). With the fundamental basis of the protection and maintenance of Jesuit missionaries, the group were soon being commended in private by Pope Gregory XIII. See also Anthony Babington on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer. There is no positive documentary proof in Marys own hand that she had knowledge of the intended assassination of Elizabeth, but her circumstances, together with the tenour of her correspondence with Babington, place her complicity beyond all reasonable doubt. The Babington Plot In the Babington . The first, a Spanish invasion of England which would depose Elizabeth and raise Mary to the Monarchy, and the second, a plot by English Catholics to assassinate Elizabeth known as the Savage Plot. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Babington, Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia, Anthony Babington. 6 Catholic plots - Ridolfi, Throckmorton, Babington The rebellion of the Northern Earls and the Papal Bull of Excommunication proved to the Privy Council that Mary, Queen of Scots's presence in. On 19 November, he confessed to giving the Spanish ambassador a list of suitable havens and ports on the English coast. Despite knowing his fate, on the 19 of September, the day before the scheduled execution, Babington wrote a desperate letter to Elizabeth I, pleading for mercy and offering 1,000, around 171,600 in todays money, for a pardon. Throckmorton also carried some letters written by Mary to the French ambassador Michel de Castelnau. Even Babingtons father, while he was alive, was said to have been inclined to papistrie, and had a brother who was a doctor of divinitie of the same religious profession. Ballard was tortured. (1) In March 1586, Anthony Babington and six friends gathered in The Plough, an inn outside Temple Bar, where they discussed the possibility of freeing Mary, assassinating Elizabeth, and inciting a rebellion supported by an invasion from abroad. The most important consequence of the Babington Plot was the subsequent execution of Mary Queen of Scots - a hugely significant event since it involved the execution of a monarch. [1] The long-term goal of the plot was the invasion of England by the Spanish forces of King Philip II and the Catholic League in France, leading to the restoration of the old religion. Babington briefly visited the continent at this time, spending six months in France where it is believed he may have first met some of Elizabeths enemies. Francis Throckmorton (1554-1584) came from a prominent English Catholic family, his father John Throckmorton being a senior judge and witness to Queen Mary's will. During Anthonys life, to be Catholic was seen as wrong. This would be achieved by a Spanish-backed invasion of England, led by the French Duke of Guise, supported by a simultaneous revolt of English Roman Catholics. As a bit of a change from what I normally write on the blog, I thought I would share something that has a local connection to where I live. . They were executed by hanging, drawing and quartering in two batches on the 20 and 21 September. Elizabeth was horrified at the revolting cruelty of their death, and ordered that those to be executed the following day were to be left hanging until dead before being cut down. Anthony Babington was descended from a family of great antiquity who in successive generations had acquired vast estates in and around Derbyshire. [citation needed]. Your email address will not be published. On Tuesday 20th September 1586, seven Catholic men were bound to hurdles in the Tower of London - one of them, a priest named John Ballard, on a single sled, the others two-a-piece - and then dragged westward on their final slow journey through the city's autumnal streets to a hastily erected scaffold in the open fields 'at the upper end of Holb. Many participants in the Babington and Gunpowder Plots were related by blood or marriage to Francis . Walsingham had his proof. Whilst Elizabeth had previously saved Mary from execution for the previous Ridolfi plot, it was harder to deny her involvement when there were letters between Mary and the conspirators, which suggested she knew of the plan to assassinate Elizabeth. "The horrors of semi-strangulation and of being split open alive for the heart and intestines . And so it was that on 21 September, the remaining seven conspirators were put to death. [1] Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia, Anthony Babington, Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Sep. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Babington; Batho, G. R., The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, The Scottish Historical Review, 39.127 (1960), p. 38. [11] Throckmorton was tortured with the rack, first on 16 November, to ensure he revealed as much information as possible. He named Babington in the plot. Babington pleaded guilty but placed all the blame for the plot on Ballard. On the 19th he wrote to Elizabeth praying for mercy, and the same day offered 1000 for procuring his pardon; and on the 20th, having disclosed the cipher used in the correspondence between himself and Mary, he was executed with the usual barbarities in Lincolns Inn Fields.
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