What should one make of his having B.T. Wilson and Lodge's personal dislike of each other poisoned any hopes for a compromise, and in March 1920, the Treaty and Covenant were defeated by a 49-35 Senate vote. They had a bitter fight over the principle of commercial reciprocity with Newfoundland. [69] During the conference, General n was able to speak to Lodge privately and asked him bluntly who spoke for the United States: Harkins or Conein? He lost his Senate seat in 1952 to Rep. John F. Kennedy. They supported a Treaty with reservations, especially on Article X. [64] Taylor over a tennis match at the Cercle Sportif sports club with one of the conspirators, General Dng Vn Minh, asked him how the plot was going. Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general. Henry Cabot Lodge was one of the best informed statesmen of his time, he was an excellent parliamentarian, and he brought to bear on foreign questions a mind that was at once razor sharp and devoid of much of the moral cant that was so typical of the age. [citation needed]. Lodge rejected an open-ended commitment that might subordinate the national security interests of the United States to the demands of the League. In a major speech before the legislature voted, Lodge took pride in his long selfless service to the state. As a representative, Lodge sponsored the unsuccessful Lodge Bill of 1890, which sought to protect the voting rights of African Americans and introduce a national secret ballot. [72] Finally, he argued that was needed for South Vietnam was "nation-building". But it's quite another matter when assessing his and his fellow's impact--absolutely disastrous and plain to see--on his city. [65] Knowing that Taylor was a Diem supporter, Minh answered that he knew nothing of any plans for a coup, which the former then repeated to Kennedy. He rarely campaigned on his own behalf but now he made his case, explaining his important roles in civil service reform, maintaining the gold standard, expanding the Navy, developing policies for the Philippine Islands, and trying to restrict immigration by illiterate Europeans, as well as his support for some progressive reforms. [102] George worked in the federal civil service and is now professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Sachs, Andrew Adam. the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Personal Representative of the President to the Holy See, United States Ambassador to South Vietnam, United States Ambassador to the United Nations, the 1916 election between Lodge's and Kennedy's grandfathers, the 1962 special election between Lodge's son and Kennedy's younger brother Ted, introducing citations to additional sources, Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem, List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Lodge at Harvard: Loyal Conservation 'Who Knew Just What He Wanted to Do', "Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. - Biographical Information", "Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby", "Curtis and Graham Lead GOP Poll For Governor's Seat", "How Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Won the 1964 New Hampshire Primary Without Lifting a Finger", "Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Photographs II, ca. Lodge's racial views are a matter of historical record. Kennedy was congratulated for his victory by his dominating father, Joseph Kennedy Sr, saying at long last an Irish Catholic had humbled a scion of the WASP Boston Brahmin elite, saying that this was the most satisfying of all his son's electoral victories. Reparations payment for war damages War, which he saw as a conflict between good and evil. 7202483). Wilson was "supposed" to know better. [32] He suggested appointing the diplomat Ralph Bunche as a "wonderful idea". As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lodge opposed President Woodrow Wilson over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. how to conduct America's foreign affairs in a chaotic By 1876, at only twenty-six years old, Lodge had earned both law and doctoral degrees; his Ph.D. in Political Science was the first ever issued to a Harvard student. [10], At the end of the war, in 1945, he used his knowledge of the French language and culture, gained from attending school in Paris to aid Jacob L. Devers, the commander of the Sixth United States Army Group, to coordinate activities with the French First Army commander, Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, and then carry out surrender negotiations with German forces in western Austria. Corrections? [35] On May 8, 1963, the Buddhist crisis began when the police in Hue fired into a peaceful crowd celebrating Vesak (the birthday of the Buddha) killing nine people, eight of whom were children. As a senator, Lodge took a more active role in foreign policy, supporting the SpanishAmerican War, expansion of American territory overseas, and American entry into World War I. They understood the United States to have a special world mission and responsibility, due to the countrys technological and economic wealth. The grand plans regarding Americas future, meticulously fostered by Lodge and Roosevelt, seemingly shattered in 1912 with the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In contrast to his grandfather (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. involvement in world affairs. This effort was encouraged and directed by low-budget but high-impact grassroots campaign by academic and political amateurs. Hugh the Great (898 - 16 June 956) was duke of the Franks and count of Paris, son of King Robert I of France (with Beatrice de Vermandois) and nephew of King Odo. His successful crusade against Woodrow Wilson's Treaty of Versailles ensured that the United States never joined the League of Nations and his reservations against that treaty influenced the structure of the modern United Nations.[3][4]. Scholar and politician, Henry Cabot Lodge was born in Boston in 1850. could bring a new idealism to international affairs under [33] Nixon was furious at Lodge for his speech in New York promising to name an African American to the cabinet, and accused him of spending too much time campaigning with minority groups, instead of the white majority. Lodge stood silent when Roosevelt broke with the party and ran as a third-party candidate in 1912. He continued his status as an Army Reserve officer and rose to the rank of major general. Graduated from Harvard Law School in 1874; awarded a Ph.D. in history and government by Harvard in 1876. Winsor McCay, "If we were in the League of Nations," Uncle Sam watching wounded, crippled and dead soldiers come off ship. One of them is even from Malawi. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [92] Lodge had been unpopular with his embassy staff, and most were happy to see him go. An intelligent woman with notable artistic talent, Ellen served as the 28th first lady. ambassadors, and for the very reason that the sovereignty When Wilson brought the Treaty of Versailles home for ratification, Lodge, as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, insisted that specific and limiting changes be made to protect U.S. interests. After two unsuccessful Congressional bids, Lodge won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1887, then made a successful run for the United States Senate in 1893 - occupying a post he would hold for 32 years. To start with them and then judge him would not wash. That leads me back to Lodge: To use him as an endorsement of US/Bush unilateralism is tautological. He had defeated Roosevelt (who ran on the Progressive Party ticket) and the Republican candidate. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry Cabot Lodge It is a pious and honorable duty. Lodge represented his home state in the United States House of Representatives from 1887 to 1893 and in the Senate from 1893 to 1924. Strong, generous, and confident, she has nobly served mankind. I was surprised that commentators hadn't raised Wilson's racism immediately. [77] Dinh agreed to take part in Nhu's Bravo plan, and told officers loyal to Diem that they would be pretended to be taking part in a coup. With the entrance of the United States into World War I (1917), he called for united support of the war effort. [104], In 1966 he was elected an honorary member of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati. "Henry Cabot Lodge: A Political Biography, 1887-1901" (PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1980. [80] General Minh ordered his bodyguard, Captain Nguyen Van Nhung, to take Colonel Tung outside and have him shot. [60] By contrast, Karnow speculated that Kennedy having embraced and praised Diem preferred that the "messy job" of overthrowing him be contracted out to Lodge, all the more so as there was always the possibility that the coup might fail, in which case the president would blame a "rogue ambassador". Corrections? Lodges fight for such measures proved significant, as the United States gained possession of numerous territories between 1898-1902 and experienced a growth in naval power under the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. Since then, international business necessities, another world war, and a greater sense of interdependence born of advances in communication and trade have resulted in new layers of international laws and regulations. In 1964, Lodge won by a plurality a number of that year's party presidential primaries and caucuses on the strength of his name, reputation, and respect among many voters, though the nomination went to Barry Goldwater. [71], On October 29, Kennedy called a meeting of the National Security Council (NSC) to discuss what to do. 1974 edition. Mr. Fleming's new book, The Illusion of Victory: America in World War I, was published by Basic Books on June 1. His policies in 1890s the response of Massachusetts interest groups. Serving in the secretary of the states delegation to the Republican National Convention during the 1884 presidential contest initiated Lodges friendship with fellow Harvard graduate Theodore Roosevelt. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. the [53], The new ambassador quickly determined that Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Republic of Vietnam, was both inept and corrupt and that South Vietnam was headed for disaster unless Diem reformed his administration or was replaced. [20], In a letter to Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge wrote, "Porto Rico is not forgotten and we mean to have it". [41], Lodge served on the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for many years. Roster of the Society of the Cincinnati. Gronnerud, Kathleen A. "[24] Since then, no one has even approached his record of seven and a half years as ambassador to the UN. After all, no really intelligent man could hold views that Carey, arbitrarily, declares as racist, without any attribution of fact, without any regard for historical context and without any relevance to the argument. Lodge served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam (196364, 196567), and as such he was the main channel of communication between Washington and the South Vietnamese leadership. 8024413). blasphemy. ready to "break the heart of the world" for partisan If you don't wnat to read the books I suggested, just to a web search for "henry cabo lodge" and "race" or "racism." They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [78] On November 1, 1963, at about 10 am, Lodge visited the Gia Long Palace to meet Diem who gave him a two-hour-long lecture about how American ingratitude towards his regime. On June 27, 1963, Kennedy named Lodge as his ambassador to South Vietnam. Henry Cabot Lodge, (born May 12, 1850, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.died November 9, 1924, Cambridge, Massachusetts), Republican U.S. senator for more than 31 years (18931924); he led the successful congressional opposition to his countrys participation in the League of Nations following World War I. His first appointment was in 1890, as a Member of the House of Representatives, and he served until his election as a senator in 1893. "seems remarkably far-sighted.". Beyond his early devotion to scholarly pursuits, Lodge also enjoyed numerous sports and the great outdoors; activities that would later help foster a friendship with Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919). Along with his close friend Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge was sympathetic to the concerns of the Mugwump faction of the Republican Party. after the war. www.senate.gov. [97] His entire campaign was organized by a small band of political amateurs working independently of the ambassador, who, believing they had little hope of winning him any delegates, did nothing to aid their efforts. In 1871, he married Anna "Nannie" Cabot Mills Davis,[44] daughter of Admiral Charles Henry Davis. Lodge: Yes. By this definition Scorates, Plato and Aristotle, all of whom firmly believed in the manifest superiority of Hellenic civilization were racist, or at least guilty of a non-diverse world view of the human condition. [9][10] Lodge maintained a lifelong friendship with Adams.[11]. [47] In his first press conference, Lodge gave a roistering talk about the freedom of the press, earning cheers from the reporters who resented Nolting's attempts to silence them. Depression and war--the second act of what began in 1914--would seem to call forth another judgment. To say that the failure of the League of Nations-brought about by stubborn adherence to sovereignty--proves Bush right makes no sense. I have a number of friends who are routinely chided for not being "black enough." [78] At about 1 pm, the coup began with many officers thinking that they only taking part in Bravo I plan. Henry Cabot Lodge suffered a stroke and died only nine months after Wilson, in November 1924. However, apart from policy differences, even before the end of Wilson's first term and well before America's entry into the Great War, Lodge confided to Teddy Roosevelt, "I never expected to hate anyone in politics with the hatred I feel toward Wilson. Cut HC Lodge some slack and try to be a little tolerant of the errors of others. The second was in 1944 and 1945 after he resigned from the Senate. What the heck is that supposed to mean? He was Men known as "irreconcilables" also refused compromise, rejecting the league outright. [22] In November 1952 Lodge was defeated by Kennedy; Lodge received 48.5% of the vote to Kennedy's 51.5%. As was customary among upper-class New England families, Lodge attended Harvard College, graduating in 1871. Like many men of his generation, true, but Lodge was worse than most. He was the last true Boston Brahmin to be active in public life, yet his career harks back to a time when compromise was an art and comity a virtue, instead of the political liabilities they have become. total war. Now Streaming Plague at the Golden Gate Follow the gripping story of the race against time to. [4], Lodge worked in the newspaper business from 1924 to 1931. [65] On the basis of this, Kennedy cabled Lodge on October 2 to say: "No initiative should now be taken to give any covert encouragement to a coup. Beware how you trifle with your marvelous inheritance; this great land of ordered liberty. Cooper says the psychological effects of a stroke were profound: "Wilson's emotions were unbalanced, and his judgment was warped. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universitt Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. For if we stumble and fall, freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin.[33]. Lodge was profoundly influenced by America's Civil Which policy did Henry Cabot Lodge support? Historian from Mass Ph.D. in History from Harvard secretary of state under (McKinley) What Henry Cabot Lodge best known for Best known for his position on foreign policy and his battle with President Wilson over the Treaty Of Versailles The failure of that Treaty ensured the US never joined the League of Nations. [84] Despite the promise of safe conduct, the Ngo brothers were shot in the armored personal carrier that was supposed to take them to the airport. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Also, some conservative Republicans charged that Lodge had cost the ticket votes, particularly in the South, by his pledge (made without Nixon's approval) that if elected, Nixon would name at least one African American to a Cabinet post. World War I and America America on the World Stage Henry Cabot Lodge May 12, 1850-November 9, 1924 Born in Boston, the son of a successful merchant. He soon emerged as a spokesman for the moderate, internationalist wing of the Republican Party. [Yet] Lodge never made the contributions he should have made, largely because of Lodge the person. Chairman of the Senate Republican conference, 191824, and the Foreign Relations Committee, 191924. Footage of former President Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for vice president in 1960 was used in TV commercials and portrayed as Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for president. 17. I have heard the shooting, but [I] am not acquainted with all the facts. The first was Bravo I with Diem loyalists pretending to stage a coup, which would be joined by the rebel generals while at the same time the pseudo-coup makers would murder several American advisers and proclaim on the radio station that a "revolutionary government" had come to power, which would tar the real rebel generals with the charge of being pro-Communist. He also supported immigration restrictions, becoming a member of the Immigration Restriction League and influencing the Immigration Act of 1917. [72] Lodge told Kennedy that when the coup started, he would grant asylum to Diem and the rest of the Ngo family should they ask for it, but felt that to stop the coup would be interference in South Vietnam's internal affairs. In 1960, he was the Republican nominee for Vice President on a ticket with Richard Nixon, who had served two terms as Eisenhower's vice president. Lodge argued in hearings that Tydings demonized McCarthy and whitewashed McCarthy's supposed discovery of security leaks at the State Department. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). between the European antagonists struck Lodge as close to If Wilson would have been more flexible, he could have gotten the US in the LON with a few reservations. It's hard to find a bigger racist than Woodrow Wilson! [48] Many of the journalists described the tall, handsome and urbane Lodge, speaking in an authoritative manner with an upper-class New England accent, as the perfect embodiment of what an American ambassador should be.
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